Chinese General Practice ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (20): 2437-2444.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0794

• Original Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Sleep Quality and Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Their Influencing Factors: a Multicenter Cross-sectional Study

  

  1. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
    2. Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
    3. Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Heifei 230601, China
  • Received:2024-01-02 Revised:2024-03-12 Published:2024-07-15 Online:2024-04-08
  • Contact: ZHA Zhenqiu

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者睡眠质量和焦虑抑郁情况及其影响因素:一项多中心横断面研究

  

  1. 1.230032 安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系
    2.230031 安徽省合肥市,安徽中医药大学第一附属医院风湿科
    3.230601 安徽省合肥市,安徽省疾病预防控制中心 安徽省公共卫生研究院
  • 通讯作者: 查震球
  • 作者简介:
    作者贡献:李兴洋负责查阅文献、统计分析、论文撰写与修改,参与现场调查和数据收集;孙婉琪和尹孟洁参与现场调查、数据搜集、问卷录入与整理;窦婷婷和吕逸丽负责调查培训和质量控制;徐伟参与研究设计,技术支持;查震球负责研究整体设计、质量控制、论文指导和审校,对文章整体负责。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省卫生健康委科研项目重点项目(AHWJ2021a032,AHWJ2022a022); 安徽省科技重大专项(201903a07020015); 安徽省卫生健康骨干人才培养计划(皖卫函〔2022〕392号)

Abstract:

Background

Respiratory problems in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are prone to poor sleep quality, anxiety and depression, but they are often ignored by medical staff and patients themselves. Understanding the sleep quality, anxiety and depression symptoms of patients with COPD and their influencing factors can help to improve the quality of life of patients, however, there are few relevant studies.

Objective

To investigate the sleep quality, anxiety and depression of patients with COPD and explore the influencing factors.

Methods

Convenience sampling was used to recruit COPD patients who visited the Department Respiratory Diseases and Critical Care Medicine of seven hospitals in Anhui Province from August to November 2022. Demographic characteristics, dyspnea grade, airflow restriction severity, risk of malnutrition, physical activity level, vaccination, and acute exacerbations in the last 1 year were collected. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to evaluate the sleep quality and anxiety and depression symptoms of COPD patients, and the influencing factors were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.

Results

A total of 248 patients with COPD were investigated, among which the incidence of poor sleep quality was 60.9% (151/248), only 8.9% (22/248) of the patients thought they had good sleep quality, and more than half of the patients actually had insufficient sleep time (54.4%) or low sleep efficiency (60.1%). 29.4% (73/248) of COPD patients had at least one of the symptoms of anxiety or depression, of which 35 had anxiety symptoms, 61 had depression symptoms, and 23 had both anxiety and depression symptoms. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that older ages (OR=1.052, 95%CI=1.018-1.086) and risk of malnutrition (OR=3.393, 95%CI=1.855-6.206) were risk factors for poor sleep quality in COPD patients. Regular physical activity was a protective factor for poor sleep quality in COPD patients (OR=0.450, 95%CI=0.242-0.834) (P<0.05). Acute exacerbations ≥2 times (OR=2.220, 95%CI=1.093-4.510) and malnutrition risk (OR=1.961, 95%CI=1.044-3.683) were risk factors for anxiety and depression symptoms in COPD patients (P<0.04). In COPD patients, PSQI score was positively correlated with HADS-A (rs=0.413) and HADS-D score (rs=0.430), and there was a positive correlation between HADS-A score and HADS-D score (rs=0.719, P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The incidence of poor sleep quality, anxiety and depression symptoms was high in COPD patients, and age, malnutrition risk, regular physical activity and number of acute exacerbations in the past year are important influencing factors. Medical staff, family members and patients themselves should improve the awareness of sleep quality, anxiety and depression, and actively carry out screening and intervention work for key patients to improve the sleep quality and mental health of patients.

Key words: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, Sleep quality, Anxiety, Depression, Root cause analysis, Multicenter study

摘要: 背景 慢性阻塞性肺疾病(以下简称慢阻肺)易使患者睡眠质量下降,并产生焦虑抑郁症状,但常被医护人员和患者自身忽视。了解慢阻肺患者睡眠质量和焦虑抑郁情况及其影响因素,有助于提高患者的生活质量,但相关多中心研究尚少。目的 调查慢阻肺患者的睡眠质量和焦虑、抑郁情况,并探究其影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样,对2022年8—11月在安徽省7家医院呼吸与危重症医学科就诊的慢阻肺患者进行招募,收集患者的人口学特征、呼吸困难等级、气流受限严重程度、营养不良风险、身体活动水平、疫苗接种和近1年急性加重情况。分别采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)评估慢阻肺患者的睡眠质量和焦虑抑郁症状,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 共调查慢阻肺患者248例,其中睡眠质量差的发生率为60.9%(151/248),仅8.9%(22/248)的患者认为自己有很好的睡眠质量,一半以上的患者实际睡眠时间不足(54.4%)或睡眠效率低(60.1%);29.4%(73/248)的慢阻肺患者至少存在焦虑或抑郁其中一种症状,其中35例存在焦虑症状,61例存在抑郁症状,23例同时存在焦虑和抑郁两种症状。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄大(OR=1.052,95%CI=1.018~1.086)、有营养不良风险(OR=3.393,95%CI=1.855~6.206)是慢阻肺患者睡眠质量差的危险因素,有规律的身体活动是慢阻肺患者睡眠质量差的保护因素(OR=0.450,95%CI=0.242~0.834)(P<0.05)。近1年急性加重次数≥2次(OR=2.220,95%CI=1.093~4.510)、有营养不良风险(OR=1.961,95%CI=1.044~3.683)是慢阻肺患者发生焦虑抑郁症状的危险因素(P<0.04)。慢阻肺患者PSQI评分与焦虑症状得分(HADS-A)(rs=0.413)、抑郁症状得分(HADS-D)(rs=0.430)存在正相关关系,HADS-A评分和HADS-D评分存在正相关关系(rs=0.719,P<0.05)。结论 慢阻肺患者中睡眠质量差和焦虑抑郁症状的发生率较高,年龄、营养不良风险、规律的身体活动和近1年急性加重次数是重要的影响因素。医护人员、家属和患者自身应提高对睡眠质量和焦虑抑郁的认识,对重点患者积极开展筛查和干预工作,以改善患者的睡眠质量和心理健康。

关键词: 慢性阻塞性肺疾病, 睡眠质量, 焦虑, 抑郁, 影响因素分析, 多中心研究