Research Progress of Sputum Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.497

Abstract

Abstract: Sputum is mainly derived from the central airway，which contains inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators in these parts.The assessment of airway inflammation through sputum cytology classification and detection of related inflammatory mediators has been clinically confirmed.In recent years，sputum biomarkers have made some progress in the study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.This article reviews the progress of various biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of COPD.It is found that the detection of inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors in sputum and the application of cluster analysis to propose more specific subgroup classification methods can better distinguish COPD and asthma，which is conducive to the study of the mechanism of the overlap between the two.Analyze the correlation among sputum biomarkers，various clinical indicators and scoring scales further to propose new disease evaluation indicators.Exploring the biomarkers that mediate the frequent acute attacks of COPD and the increased susceptibility of bacteria and viruses is expected to identify patients with frequent acute exacerbation phenotypes and provide a theoretical basis for the new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Key words: Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive；Airway inflammation；Sputum；Biomarkers；Review

摘要： 痰液主要来源于中央大气道，含有这些部位的炎性细胞和炎性递质，通过痰细胞学分类、相关炎性递质检测进行气道炎症评估已在临床上得到证实。近年来，痰液生物标志物在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）研究中取得一定进展。本文就相关生物标志物在COPD诊治进展方面做一综述，发现通过痰液炎性细胞、炎性因子检测，应用聚类分析等方法提出更加具体的亚群分类方法，能更好鉴别COPD和哮喘，有利于对二者重叠部分机制研究；进一步分析痰液生物标志物与各种临床指标、评分量表相关性，提出新的病情评估指标，探索介导COPD频繁急性发作炎症通路，以及细菌、病毒易感性增加的生物标志物，有望识别出具有频繁急性加重表型患者，为寻找新的诊断标志物和治疗靶点提供理论依据。

关键词: 肺疾病, 慢性阻塞性；气道炎症；痰液；生物标志物；综述

MA Qingsong,LIU Ling,ZHAO Zhihuan. Research Progress of Sputum Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease　[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2021, 24(20): 2624-2628. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.497.
马青松,刘凌,赵芝焕. 痰液生物标志物在慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治中的研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2021, 24(20): 2624-2628. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.497.

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