Abstract: CT，MRI and ultrasonography are common clinical diagnostic imaging techniques，which can be used for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases.Among them，CT and MRI have certain advantages in the diagnosis of muscle and tendon and other soft tissue diseases，but their clinical application is limited due to external factors such as hospital equipment，the operator's professional level and patients' economic conditions.Moreover，indications for the two examinations are also strictly specified.Ultrasonography，by contrast，can be used to diagnose lesions involving muscle，tendon and soft tissues，and joint and other skeletal system diseases，as well as the superficial soft tissue injury，and even the pathological changes of deep muscle.Furthermore，ultrasonography may has more advantages in clinical application because of a wider range of use，easy and quick to operate，and dynamic observation of conditions of muscle and tendon injury in real time during the whole process or at each stage of injury and convalescence.Ultrasonography use in musculoskeletal diseases has been gradually expanded by recent rapid advances in related imaging technologies，such as the emergence of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and interventional ultrasound.This study reviews recent clinical application of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment of muscle and tendon injury caused by various reasons，aiming to provide reference data for the summary of relevant clinical-stage development.

Key words: Wounds and injuries, Muscle injury, Tendon injury, Ultrasonography, Review

摘要： 电子计算机断层扫描（CT）、磁共振成像技术（MRI）和超声检查等均为临床常见的影像学诊断技术，可用于对骨骼、肌肉系统疾病的诊断。其中，CT、MRI检查在诊断肌肉、肌腱等软组织病变方面具有一定的优势，但其在临床的应用受到医院设备、专业技术、患者经济条件等外在条件的限制，且两项技术均对适应证人群具有严格的要求。超声检查可诊断人体肌肉、肌腱、软组织、关节等骨骼系统的病变，及浅表软组织损伤、甚至是深部肌肉的病变。与CT、MRI检查比较，超声检查的应用范围更广，操作简便快捷，且能实时动态观察肌肉、肌腱损伤的病情和恢复的不同时期及全过程，具有明显的临床应用优势。近年来随着超声影像技术的飞速发展，超声造影、介入超声等新技术陆续问世，使其在骨骼、肌肉系统疾病的诊断和治疗中的应用也逐渐展开。本研究特对超声检查在各种原因所致肌肉、肌腱损伤病变的诊断和治疗的临床应用（临床研究）作以综述，以期为临床提供阶段性总结的参考数据。

关键词: 创伤和损伤, 肌肉损伤, 肌腱损伤, 超声检查, 综述