中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (18): 2222-2227.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0309

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停相关高血压患者尿钠排泄及影响因素研究

何燕, 崔赛仙, 胡阳, 倪晴, 甘露路, 刘茜, 代安妮, 刘师节, 杨莉*()   

  1. 650051 云南省昆明市,昆明医科大学附属延安医院全科医学科/高血压中心 云南省心血管病重点实验室 云南省心脏病临床医学中心
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-10 修回日期:2024-09-10 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨莉

  • 作者贡献:

    何燕提出主要研究目标,负责撰写并修订论文;崔赛仙负责研究的构思与设计;胡阳、倪晴负责研究的实施;甘露路、代安妮进行数据的收集与整理;刘茜进行统计学处理;刘师节进行图、表的绘制与展示;杨莉负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省重大科技专项计划(2017ZF027); 昆明市春城人才培养项目(C202014008); 云南省"兴滇英才支持计划"医疗卫生人才(XDYC-YLWS-2024-0010)

Influencing Factors on Urinary Sodium Excretion in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Associated Hypertension

HE Yan, CUI Saixian, HU Yang, NI Qing, GAN Lulu, LIU Qian, DAI Anni, LIU Shijie, YANG Li*()   

  1. Department of General Medicine/Hypertension Center, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province/Clinical Medical Center of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051, China
  • Received:2024-05-10 Revised:2024-09-10 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-04-25
  • Contact: YANG Li

摘要: 背景 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)相关高血压的发生、发展不仅由肥胖等传统危险因素驱动,OSA相关高血压的患病率在体液潴留状态患者中也较高,提示钠在OSA相关高血压的发病机制中可能发挥潜在作用。 目的 探究昆明地区OSA相关高血压患者尿钠排泄情况及其与OSA严重程度及血压之间的关系。 方法 回顾性选取2019—2021年在昆明医科大学附属延安医院高血压中心明确诊断为OSA相关性高血压的患者493例为研究对象。根据多导睡眠呼吸监测(PSG)的指标呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)结果将OSA相关高血压患者分为轻度组(5次/h≤AHI<15次/h)、中度组(15次/h≤AHI<30次/h)、重度组(AHI≥30次/h)。比较3组患者的临床特征、实验室检查指标、PSG指标及动态血压,并进行24 h尿钠排泄量与PSG指标、动态血压、BMI、年龄、性别及肾小球功能、尿蛋白等各项指标的相关性分析。通过多元线性逐步回归分析探究OSA相关高血压患者24 h尿钠排泄量的影响因素。 结果 493例OSA相关高血压患者中轻度组103例、中度组187例、重度组203例。重度组24 h尿钠排泄量高于轻、中度组(P<0.05)。3组患者AHI、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)、平均血氧饱和度(MSaO2)、夜间平均收缩压(nMSBP)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.0)。24 h尿钠排泄量与AHI、BMI、24 h平均收缩压(24 hMSBP)、24 h平均舒张压(24 hMDBP)、性别(男性)呈正相关(r=0.223、0.226、0.126、0.109,rs=0.177,P<0.05),与LSaO2、MSaO2及年龄呈负相关(r=-0.103、-0.090、-0.098,P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,AHI、24 hMSBP、BMI升高及性别(男性)是24 h尿钠排泄的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。 结论 在OSA相关高血压患者中,重度组24 h尿钠排泄量明显高于轻、中度组。24 h尿钠排泄与AHI、24 h血压、BMI、性别(男性)、年龄有关,其中AHI相关性较强。AHI和血压共同影响OSA相关高血压患者的尿钠排泄量,其中AHI的影响强于血压的影响。

关键词: 高血压, 睡眠呼吸暂停综合征, 尿钠, 呼吸暂停低通气指数, 慢性病

Abstract:

Background

The occurrence and development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) -associated hypertension is not only driven by traditional risk factors like obesity, the prevalence is much higher in individuals with fluid retention, suggesting the potential role of sodium in the pathogenesis.

Objective

To identify the urinary sodium excretion in patients with OSA-associated hypertension in Kunming City, and its correlation with the severity of OSA and hypertension.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 493 patients diagnosed with OSA-associated hypertension at the Hypertension Center of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University from 2019 to 2021. According to the results of apnea hypopnea index (AHI), patients were divided into mild (5 times/h≤AHI <15 times/h), moderate (15 times/h ≤AHI <30 times/h) and severe (AHI≥30 times/h) groups. Clinical characteristics, laboratory testing, polysomnographic (PSG) data, and ambulatory blood pressure were compared among three groups. The correlation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion with PSG data, ambulatory blood pressure, BMI, age, gender, glomerular function, urinary protein and other indicators was identified. Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in patients with OSA-associated hypertension.

Results

Among 493 patients with OSA-associated hypertension, 103 were in the mild group, 187 in the moderate group, and 203 in the severe group. The 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was significantly higher in the severe group than the mild and moderate groups (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the AHI, low oxygen saturation (LSaO2), mean oxygen saturation (MSaO2), and nighttime mean systolic blood pressure (nSBP) among the three groups (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion with AHI, BMI, 24-h mean systolic blood pressure (24 hMSBP), 24-h mean diastolic blood pressure (24 hMDBP), and male gender (r=0.223, 0.126, 0.109, 0.226, rs=0.177, respectively; all P<0.05), there was negatively correlated with LSaO2, MSaO2, and age (r=-0.103, -0.090, -0.098, P<0.05). Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the increase of AHI, 24 hMSBP, BMI, and male gender were all independent risk factors for 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in patients with OSA-associated hypertension (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is significantly higher in patients with severe OSA-associated hypertension than those with mild and moderate condition. Urinary sodium excretion is correlated with AHI, 24-h blood pressure, BMI, male gender, among which AHI has a strong correlation. AHI and blood pressure synergistically affect urinary sodium excretion in patients with OSA-associated hypertension, with a more pronounced effect posed by AHI.

Key words: Hypertension, Sleep apnea syndromes, Urinary sodium, Apnea hypopnea index, Chronic disease