中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (16): 2033-2038.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0278

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于潜在类别分析的宁夏回族自治区南部山区农村老年人慢性病共病对日常生活活动能力的影响研究

宋明莎1,2, 王宥匀1,2, 李春生1,2, 乔慧1,2,*()   

  1. 1750004 宁夏回族自治区银川市,宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院
    2750004 宁夏回族自治区银川市,宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-02 修回日期:2024-11-11 出版日期:2025-06-05 发布日期:2025-04-22
  • 通讯作者: 乔慧

  • 作者贡献:

    宋明莎负责提出研究思路、研究设计、数据整理与分析、论文撰写,对论文整体负责;王宥匀、李春生负责数据整理与清洗、文章校对;乔慧负责文章的理论指导、内容审核、质量控制。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72164033,72264032,72364031); 宁夏重点研发项目(引才专项)(2022BSB03082)

The Influence of Chronic Disease Comorbidity on Activities of Daily Living in Rural Elderly in Mountainous Areas of Southern Ningxia Based on Latent Category Analysis

SONG Mingsha1,2, WANG Youyun1,2, LI Chunsheng1,2, QIAO Hui1,2,*()   

  1. 1School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
    2Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
  • Received:2024-08-02 Revised:2024-11-11 Published:2025-06-05 Online:2025-04-22
  • Contact: QIAO Hui

摘要: 背景 随着人口老龄化进程的加速,慢性病共病已成为威胁老年人健康的主要公共卫生问题。慢性病共病与日常生活活动能力(ADL)之间存在密切关联,但关于慢性病共病及共病模式对ADL影响的研究相对缺乏。 目的 了解宁夏回族自治区南部山区农村老年人慢性病共病对ADL的影响,为提高老年人的生命质量提供参考依据。 方法 于2022年6—7月,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样法对宁夏回族自治区4个县的20 821名居民进行"面对面"入户调查,调查内容包括人口学特征、慢性病患病及ADL受损情况等。本研究以4 362名≥60岁老年人为研究对象,采用潜在类别分析确定老年人的慢性病共病模式,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨慢性病共病及不同共病模式对老年人ADL的影响。 结果 4 362名老年人的慢性病患病率为62.52%(2 727/4 362),慢性病共病发生率为23.75%(1 036/4 362),ADL受损发生率为18.36%(801/4 362)。基于潜在类别分析确定了5种共病模式,分别是冠心病共病组、类风湿关节炎共病组、糖尿病共病组、高血压共病组、多系统疾病共病组。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业类型、家庭人均年收入、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、锻炼情况、自评健康状况因素后,慢性病共病老年人的ADL受损风险是非慢性病共病老年人的1.909倍(95%CI=1.581~2.305,P<0.05),类风湿性关节炎共病组老年人的ADL受损风险是高血压共病组老年人的1.834倍(95%CI=1.245~2.701,P<0.05)。 结论 慢性病共病老年人较非慢性病共病老年人的ADL受损风险更高,不同慢性病共病模式老年人的ADL受损风险存在差异,类风湿关节炎共病组老年人的ADL受损风险高于冠心病共病组老年人。应加强对老年慢性病共病患者的关注,采取适宜措施改善其健康状况、提升其生活质量。

关键词: 慢性病共病, 日常生活活动能力, 老年人, 农村卫生, 潜在类别分析, 宁夏回族自治区

Abstract:

Background

With the acceleration of population aging, chronic disease comorbidities have become a major public health problem threatening the health of the elderly. There is a close correlation between chronic disease comorbidity and activity of daily living (ADL). However, there are few studies on the influence of chronic disease comorbidity and comorbidity pattern on ADL.

Objective

To understand the impact of chronic disease comorbidity on ADL, to provide a reference for improving the quality of life of the elderly.

Methods

From June to July 2022, a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a face-to-face household survey among 20 821 residents in 4 counties of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, including demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, and ADL impairment. In this study, 4 362 elderly people (≥60 years) were included as subjects. Potential category analysis was used to determine comorbidity patterns, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of chronic disease comorbidity and different comorbidity patterns on activities of daily living.

Results

The prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly included was 62.52% (2 727/4 362), the prevalence of comorbidities was 23.75% (1 036/4 362), the ADL damage rate was 18.36% (801/4 362). Five comorbidity patterns were identified based on the latent category analysis, namely the coronary heart disease comorbidity group, the rheumatoid arthritis comorbidity group, the diabetes comorbidity group, the hypertension comorbidity group, and the multisystem disease comorbidity group. Adjusting for factors such as gender, age, educational level, marital status, occupation, annual per capita household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise status, and self-rated health status, elderly people with comorbidity had 1.909 times (95%CI=1.581-2.305, P<0.05) risk of impaired ADL than those without comorbidity, older adults in the rheumatoid arthritis comorbidity group had a higher risk of impaired ADL than those in the coronary heart disease comorbidity group [OR (95%CI) =1.834 (1.245-2.701), P<0.05] .

Conclusion

Older adults with chronic comorbidities have a higher risk of ADL impairment than older adults without chronic comorbidities. There are differences in the risk of ADL impairment among the elderly with different comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases. The risk of ADL impairment in the elderly in the comorbidity group of rheumatoid arthritis is higher than that in the comorbidity group of coronary heart disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to pay more attention to elderly people with chronic disease comorbidities, appropriate measures should be taken to improve their health and improve their quality of life.

Key words: Multiple chronic conditions, Activities of daily living, Aged, Rural health, Latent category analysis, Ningxia

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