中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (24): 3005-3012.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0084

• 论著·中医·中西医结合研究 • 上一篇    

中草药降低类风湿关节炎合并链球菌感染患者再入院的风险:一项匹配队列研究

丁香, 刘健*(), 陈晓露, 张先恒   

  1. 230031 安徽省合肥市,安徽中医药大学第一附属医院
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-13 修回日期:2024-05-27 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘健

  • 作者贡献:

    丁香提出研究思路,设计研究方案,收集数据,进行统计学分析,起草论文;陈晓露、张先恒负责电话随访,收集数据;刘健指导研究开展,并进行论文质量控制及修订,对论文负责。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82274490); 国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科中医痹病学(ZYYZDXK-2023100); 国家中医药传承创新中心项目(发改办社会〔2022〕366号)

Chinese Herbal Medicine may be Associated with Lower Readmissions in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Streptococcal Infection: a Matched Cohort Study

DING Xiang, LIU Jian*(), CHEN Xiaolu, ZHANG Xianheng   

  1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
  • Received:2024-04-13 Revised:2024-05-27 Published:2025-08-20 Online:2025-06-23
  • Contact: LIU Jian

摘要: 背景 已知急性风湿热和链球菌(ASO)感染后反应性关节炎是ASO的免疫介导后果,而ASO对于类风湿关节炎(RA)的危害鲜有报道。 目的 本研究旨在通过回顾性队列研究探讨中草药与RA合并ASO感染(RA-ASO)患者再入院率的关系。 方法 使用安徽中医药大学第一附属医院医院信息系统(HIS)数据库,选取2013年6月—2021年6月的RA患者数据。依据纳排标准共纳入1 233例RA患者,根据是否合并ASO感染(ASO>50 kU/L)将患者分为单纯RA组(989例)和RA-ASO组(244例)。通过电话随访收集患者的药物使用情况及再入院情况,随访截至2022-06-01。244例RA-ASO患者中随访期使用中草药患者131例,未使用中草药患者113例;然后采用1∶1倾向评分匹配原则将RA-ASO患者分为中药组(113例)和非中药组(113例)。采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析和Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析探究RA-ASO患者再入院的危险因素。并通过聚类,对中药组的113例患者所使用的前20味中草药进行聚类,并与再入院减少进行关联规则分析。 结果 RA-ASO组患者平均年龄、60~89岁老年人占比低于单纯RA组,改善疾病的抗风湿药、糖皮质激素使用率、再入院率、ASO高于单纯RA组(P<0.05)。单因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,男性(HR=1.01,95%CI=1.01~1.01,P<0.01)、骨关节炎(HR=1.65,95%CI=1.07~2.54,P=0.02)、间质性肺炎(HR=1.63,95%CI=1.11~2.39,P=0.01)、使用糖皮质激素(HR=1.51,95%CI=1.02~2.22,P=0.04)的RA-ASO患者再入院风险升高;使用中草药(HR=0.57,95%CI=0.39~0.83,P<0.01)的RA-ASO患者再入院风险降低。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,间质性肺炎(HR=1.54,95%CI=1.02~2.32,P=0.04)、红细胞沉降率升高(HR=1.78,95%CI=1.06~3.00,P=0.03)的RA-ASO患者再入院风险升高;使用中草药(HR=0.48,95%CI=0.31~0.75,P<0.01)的RA-ASO患者再入院风险降低。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示,中药组RA-ASO患者再入院率低于非中药组(χ2=10.989,P<0.001),中药组女性RA-ASO患者再入院率低于非中药组女性患者(χ2=4.118,P=0.042)。其中再入院的减少与泽泻、桃仁、蒲公英等中草药具有强关联。 结论 中草药治疗可能与RA-ASO患者的再入院率较低有关。对于RA-ASO患者,可考虑中草药治疗,以减少患者再入院。

关键词: 关节炎,类风湿, 链球菌感染, 中草药, 再入院, Cox模型, 队列研究

Abstract:

Background

Acute rheumatic feve and post-streptococcal reactive arthritis are known to be immune-mediated consequences of streptococcal infection, whereas the dangers of streptococcal infection in rheumatoid arthritis have rarely been reported, and the present study evaluated the relationship of streptococcal infection on readmission in patients with RA.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine and the readmission rate of patients with rheumatoid arthritis combined with streptococcal infection (RA-ASO) through a retrospective cohort study.

Methods

We used the information system (HIS) database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine to select the data of RA patients from June 2013 to June 2021. A total of 1 233 RA patients were included, and patients were categorized into RA-only group (989 patients) and RA-ASO group (244 patients) according to whether they were combined with ASO (streptococcus>50 kU/L). Patients′ medication use and readmissions were collected by telephone follow-up as of 2022-06-01. The RA-ASO patients were then divided into the herbal medicine group (113 cases) and the non-herbal medicine group (113 cases) using the 1∶1 propensity score matching principle. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses were used to explore the risk factors for readmission in RA-ASO patients. The top 20 herbal medicines used in 113 patients in the TCM group were also clustered by clustering and analyzed by association rule with the reduction of readmission.

Results

The results showed that the mean age of patients and the percentage of elderly people aged 60-89 years were lower in the RA-ASO group than in the RA-only group, and the rates of slow-acting antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticoid use, readmission, and streptococci were higher than in the RA-only group (P<0.05). One-way Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that men (HR=1.01, 95%CI=1.01-1.01, P<0.01), osteoarthritis (HR=1.65, 95%CI=1.07-2.54, P=0.02), and interstitial pneumonia (HR=1.63, 95%CI=1.11-2.39, P=0.01), RA-ASO patients with glucocorticoid use (HR=1.51, 95%CI=1.02-2.22, P=0.04) had an elevated risk of readmission, and the use of traditional Chinese medicine (HR=0.57, 95%CI=0.39-0.83, P<0.01) of RA-ASO patients had a reduced risk of readmission. Multifactorial Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that RA-ASO patients with interstitial pneumonia (HR=1.54, 95%CI=1.02-2.32, P=0.04) and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (HR=1.78, 95%CI=1.06-3.00, P=0.03) had an increased risk of readmission; patients with traditional Chinese medicine (HR=0.48, 95%CI=0.31-0.75, P<0.01) had a decreased risk of readmission in RA-ASO patients. The results of Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the readmission rate of RA-ASO patients in the Chinese medicine group was lower than that in the non-Chinese medicine group (χ2=10.989, P<0.001), and that the readmission rate of RA-ASO patients in the Chinese medicine group was lower than that of female patients in the non-Chinese medicine group (χ2=4.118, P=0.042). Among them, the reduction of readmission was strongly associated with the Chinese medicines of zedoary, peach kernel, and dandelion.

Conclusion

This study found that TCM treatment may be associated with a lower readmission rate in RA-ASO patients. For patients with RA-ASO, TCM treatment may be considered to reduce patient readmission.

Key words: Arthritis, rheumatoid, Streptococcal infection, Drugs, Chinese herbal, Hospital readmission, Cox models, Cohort studies

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