关键词: 载脂蛋白 J；代谢疾病；糖尿病, 2 型；动脉粥样硬化；心血管疾病；肥胖症；代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病；多囊卵巢综合征

Abstract: Metabolic diseases present a substantial challenge to global public health. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ), a multifunctional glycoprotein widely expressed in organs including the brain, liver, and testes, participates in essential physiological and pathological processes such as maintaining protein homeostasis and regulating apoptosis. Recent investigations have established that ApoJ is closely associated with fundamental metabolic processes including insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. This article systematically reviews the research progress on ApoJ in type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. It focuses on elucidating the alterations in its expression levels and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action across these diseases, thereby exploring the potential of ApoJ as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the article compares and analyzes the differences in its functional manifestations among various diseases and discusses the possible reasons behind them. This review aims to provide a reference for both basic research and clinical applications concerning ApoJ in metabolic diseases.

Key words: Apolipoprotein J, Metabolic diseases, Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease, Obesity, Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, Polycystic ovary syndrome