中国全科医学

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基层医疗机构实现慢性病医防融合业务模式的关键机制和优化对策研究

李艳1,黄豪1,石建伟2,宋玮1,祝墡珠3,唐岚4*   

  1. 1.上海市浦东新区金杨社区卫生服务中心;2.上海市交通大学医学院公共卫生学院;3.上海市中山医院全科医学科;4.上海市浦东新区潍坊社区卫生服务中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-19 接受日期:2025-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 唐岚
  • 基金资助:
    2023年度上海市浦东新区科技发展基金事业单位民生科研专项医疗卫生项目(PKJ2023-Y76;)

Study on the key mechanism and optimization countermeasures to realize the business model of chronic disease medical prevention integration in primary care institutions

  • Received:2025-02-19 Accepted:2025-03-27
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摘要: 目的 分析基层医疗机构实现慢性病医防融合业务模式的关键实现机制,为各地基层医疗机构探索符合当地实际情况的医防融合式慢病管理服务服务模式提供参考。 方法 本文采用文献研究法梳理总结医防融合的宏观、中观和微观层面,然后借鉴彩虹模型的4个层面、7个条件运用定性比较分析法QCA针对基层医疗机构开展的慢性病医防融合业务的14个案例进行良好慢性病医防融合效果的实现机制探索,进而对结果展开专家的半结构访谈提出优化意见。 结果 共有4条组态路径能有效提升基层社区慢性病医防融合效果,组态路径1中微观整合型、组态路径2微观及支持要素层整合型、组态路径3多层面整合型和组态路径4全层面整合型,4条组态路径的组合覆盖率0.857,能够解释大多数案例中的良好医防融合效果,组合一致性1.000能够很好地解释良好医防融合效果的产生路径。服务整合和功能整合是实现良好医防融合效果的核心基础,分别强调连续的慢性病健康管理和监督考核机制的重要性,而系统整合则凸显了政策支持的关键作用。不同组态在核心条件、整合层面和支持要素上的差异表明,医防融合的实现路径可因地区资源和政策条件的不同而灵活调整,并非单一模式。 结论 为实现基层医疗机构慢性病医防融合业务的可持续良好发展,需要从宏观层面加强政策支持和系统整合,中观层面促进多层面协作和资源下沉,微观层面强化服务整合、注重团队人员整合确保连续性健康管理,支持要素方面建立有效的监督考核机制和绩效激励机制。

关键词: 基层医疗机构, 慢性病, 医防融合, 定性比较分析, 彩虹模型, 机制, 优化

Abstract: Objective To analyze the key realization mechanism of the business model of chronic disease medical and preventive integration in primary healthcare institutions, and to provide reference for primary healthcare institutions around the world to explore the service model of medical and preventive integration of chronic disease management services that meets the local actual situation. Methods This paper adopts the literature research method to summarize the macro, meso and micro levels of healthcare integration, and then draws on the four levels and seven conditions of the rainbow model to use the qualitative comparative analysis method, QCA, to explore the mechanisms of achieving good results of chronic disease healthcare integration in 14 cases of chronic disease healthcare integration carried out by primary healthcare institutions, and then conducts semi-structured interviews with experts on the results to put forward optimization suggestions. Result A total of 4 grouping paths can effectively improve the effect of chronic disease healthcare and prevention integration in primary community, grouping path 1 meso-micro integration type, grouping path 2 micro and support element layer integration type, grouping path 3 multilevel integration type and grouping path 4 whole level integration type, the combination coverage of 4 grouping paths is 0.857, which can explain the good healthcare and prevention integration effect in the majority of the cases, and the combination consistency is 1.000 can well explain the paths that produce good healthcare defense integration effects. Service integration and functional integration are the core foundations for achieving good health care and prevention integration effects, emphasizing the importance of continuous chronic disease health management and supervision and assessment mechanisms, respectively, while system integration highlights the key role of policy support. Differences in core conditions, integration levels and support elements among the different groupings suggest that the pathway for realizing healthcare-prevention integration can be flexibly adjusted according to different regional resources and policy conditions, and is not a single model. Conclusion In order to realize the sustainable and good development of chronic disease medical and preventive integration business in primary care institutions, it is necessary to strengthen policy support and system integration at the macro level, promote multilevel collaboration and resource sinking at the meso level, strengthen service integration at the micro level, focus on the integration of team personnel to ensure continuity of health management, and establish an effective supervision and assessment mechanism and performance incentive mechanism for the support elements.

Key words: Primary healthcare institutions, chronic disease, medical prevention integration, qualitative comparative analysis, rainbow model, mechanism, optimization