关键词: 抗肿瘤联合化疗方案, 莲子, 姜辣素, 水貂, 呕吐

Abstract: Background　Vomiting is the most commonly experienced symptom of various diseases in the clinic which can cause water and electrolyte disorders.It is also the most commonly experienced side effects in patients receiving chemotherapy.For managing vomiting induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy，traditional anti-vomiting treatments have poor efficacies，and combination therapies are often needed.Although chemical preparations such as 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and neurokinin 1（NK1） receptor antagonists are suitable for managing vomiting，their scopes of action are too narrow，and adverse reactions are often severe.Thus，the development of natural，low-toxic，broad-spectrum antiemetic drugs is urgently required.　Objective　To study the anticancer and anti-emesis efficacy of semen nelumbinis and gingerol composition （lotus-ginger composition）．Methods　This study was conducted in 2017.Ninty-six SPF male Kunming mice and 72 healthy CL black adult male minks were selected.Each mouse was inoculated subcutaneously 0.2 ml （containing 2×106 tumor cells） tumorigenic cell suspension （S180 sarcoma，EAC） in the right axilla.The day after inoculation，the mice were randomly and equally divided into the blank control group，cyclophosphamide group，ginerol group and lotus-ginger composition group，receiving intragastric administration of distilled water 0.5 ml，intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide （20 g/kg），intragastric administration of gingerol （10 g/kg，equivalent to crude drug dosage），intragastric administration of lotus-ginger composition（10 g/kg，equivalent to crude drug dosage），respectively，for consecutive 10 days.The tumor mass of mice in each group was compared，and the inhibition rates of tumor were also calculated.Meanwhile，the minks were randomly and equally divided into cisplatin，apomorphine and copper sulphate induced vomiting groups.Cisplatin induced vomiting group was equally divided into four subgroups，the blank control，positive control，gingerol，and lotus-ginger composition subgroups，treated with intragastric administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution （5 ml），intraperitoneal injection of ondansetron （2 mg/kg），intragastric administration of gingerol （10 g/kg，equivalent to crude drug dosage），intragastric administration of lotus-ginger composition （10 g/kg，equivalent to crude drug dosage），respectively.Cisplatin was administered 30 minutes after treatment with the antiemetic agent or its vehicle，except for the blank control subgroup．The same experimental procedure was performed on apomorphine and copper sulphate induced vomiting groups，receptively，except that apomorphine and copper sulphate were administered to the corresponding subgroups（blank control subgroup was not included） at 30 minutes after treatment with the antiemetic agent or its vehicle.Subgroups of cisplatin，apomorphine and copper sulphate induced vomiting groups were observed the emetic responses and the latency，the number of both retching and vomiting at 6 hours following the administration of cisplatin，apomorphine，copper sulphate，respectively.Results　Compared with the blank control group，the tumor of S180 sarcoma and EAC was lighter in cyclophosphamide group，gingerol group and lotus-ginger composition group（P<0.05）．The inhibition rate of S180 sarcoma in cyclophosphamide group，gingerol group and lotus-ginger composition group was 65.5%，31.9%，and 53.4%，respectively.The inhibition rate of EAC was 64.7%，26.7%，and 54.5%，respectively.Cisplatin evoked emetic response in minks，pretreatment with ondansetron，gingerol，lotus-ginger composition prolonged the latency，reduced the number of retches and vomits induced by cisplatin （P<0.05）．Apomorphine also evoked emetic response in minks，pretreatment with ondansetron，gingerol，lotus-ginger composition prolonged the latency，reduced the number of retches and vomits induced by apomorphine （P<0.05）．Copper sulphate evoked emetic response in minks，too，pretreatment with ondansetron，gingerol，lotus ginger composition prolonged the latency，reduced the number of retches and vomits induced by apomorphine （P<0.05）．Conclusion　The composition can inhibit S180 sarcoma and EAC tumor in mice，it also can inhibit vomitings induced by cisplatin，apomorphine and copper sulphate ，and have synergistic effect and toxicity attenuation in the treatment of cancer．

Key words: Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols, Semen nelumbinis, Gingerol, Mink, Vomiting