Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (26): 3781-3787.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0367

• Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Association Study between Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index and Risk of All-cause and Cause-specific Mortality in the Elderly

  

  1. Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Diseases and Injury Prevention and Control, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China
  • Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2026-03-20 Published:2026-09-15 Online:2026-08-11
  • Contact: YAN Yaqiong

中国内脏脂肪指数与老年人全因死亡及死因别死亡风险的关联研究

  

  1. 430024 湖北省武汉市疾病预防控制中心慢非传与伤害防制所
  • 通讯作者: 严亚琼
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    赵原原负责数据处理及统计分析、结果关键性解释及论文撰写;刘普林、代娟负责研究的设计、数据质量控制及论文修改;张刚、张微、张晓霞、邓青负责资料的收集整理;严亚琼负责研究的设计与实施、论文的修改与最终版本修订、对文章整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    中华预防医学会基金项目(JKCLPJ202501005)

Abstract:

Background

Visceral fat accumulation is closely associated with health outcomes in the elderly. As an indicator specific to the Chinese population, the Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) has not been fully validated in large cohort studies regarding its association with mortality risk in the elderly.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between CVAI and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among the elderly population in Wuhan.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2014 Wuhan Basic Public Health Service Elderly Health Examination Program. From May 2014 to February 2015, a total of 332 389 elderly people aged 65 years and older participated in the program under the principle of informed consent and voluntary participation. After excluding data with logical errors, 330 474 subjects were included in the analysis. Baseline information was collected, including demographic characteristics, lifestyle, medical history, physical examination and laboratory test results. Using the ID number as the unique identifier, physical examination data were linked to the China CDC Cause of Death Registration Database for survival follow-up. The endpoint was death or December 31, 2019. Missing data were handled by multiple imputation. Log-Logistic accelerated failure time models and stratified analyses were performed to explore the associations of CVAI with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the robustness of the results.

Results

The mean baseline age of the 330 474 elderly participants was (71.6±5.8) years, including 152 551 males (46.16%) and 177 923 females (53.84%). The mean follow up duration was (5.0±1.0) years, and 46 007 deaths were documented by the end of follow up. Participants were divided into four groups according to quartiles of baseline CVAI: Q1 (<78.11, n=82 169), Q2 (78.11-108.44, n=82 169), Q3 (108.45-140.74, n=82 168), and Q4 (>140.74, n=82 169). Results from Log-Logistic accelerated failure time models showed that, compared with the Q1 (CVAI<78.11), the Q2 (78.11-108.44, TR=1.06, 95%CI=1.04-1.09), Q3 (108.45-140.74, TR=1.13, 95%CI=1.10-1.15) and Q4 (>140.74, TR=1.14, 95%CI=1.11-1.17) groups had longer survival time for all cause mortality. In cause specific mortality analysis, CVAI also showed protective effects on survival time: a consistent protective effect was observed for cancer mortality (P<0.05); for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality, significant protective effects were found in the Q3 and Q4 groups (P<0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a significant inverted U shaped relationship between CVAI and all cause mortality (P overall<0.001), with the optimal survival time observed at CVAI ranging from 110.3 to 195.0. Stratified analyses indicated that the protective effect of CVAI was most prominent in participants aged 65-69 years and females. After excluding individuals with less than 1 year of follow up and refitting the model, the positive association between higher CVAI and longer survival time remained significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Among people aged 65 years and older in Wuhan, higher CVAI is associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality. The optimal survival time is achieved when CVAI ranges from 110.3 to 195.0. CVAI can be used as a reference indicator for predicting mortality risk in the elderly.

Key words: The elderly, Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index, Death, Neoplasms, Cardiovascular diseases, Log-Logistic accelerated failure time model

摘要:

背景

内脏脂肪沉积与老年人群健康结局密切相关,但中国内脏脂肪指数(CVAI)作为中国人群特异性指标,其与老年人群死亡风险的关联尚需大样本队列研究进一步明确。

目的

探究CVAI与武汉市老年人群全因死亡及死因别死亡风险的关系。

方法

本研究资料来源于2014年武汉市基本公共卫生服务老年健康体检项目。遵循"知情同意、自愿参加"的原则,2014年5月—2015年2月武汉市共有332 389名≥65岁老年人参加该体检项目,剔除逻辑错误后,共纳入330 474名老年人资料。收集研究对象的基本资料,包括一般人口学信息、生活方式、既往病史、体格检查以及实验室检查等。以身份证号为唯一标识,将体检数据与中国疾控中心死因登记库匹配,追踪生存结局,终点定义为死亡或截至2019-12-31。缺失值采用多重插补法处理,采用对数Logistic加速失效时间模型及分层分析探究CVAI与全因死亡及死因别死亡风险的关系,通过敏感性分析检验结果的稳健性。

结果

330 474名老年人基线年龄为(71.6±5.8)岁,其中男152 551名(46.16%),女177 923名(53.84%)。平均随访时间为(5.0±1.0)年,截至随访终点,共记录46 007例死亡。根据基线CVAI四分位数将研究人群分为4组:Q1(<78.11,n=82 169)、Q2(78.11~108.44,n=82 169)、Q3(108.45~140.74,n=82 168)、Q4(>140.74,n=82 169)。对数Logistic加速失效时间模型结果显示,全因死亡风险中,以CVAI<78.11为参照,CVAI为78.11~108.44(TR=1.06,95%CI=1.04~1.09)、108.45~140.74(TR=1.13,95%CI=1.10~1.15)以及>140.74(TR=1.14,95%CI=1.11~1.17)的老年人的生存时间增加(P<0.05);在疾病别死亡分析中,CVAI同样对生存时间起保护作用:在恶性肿瘤死亡别中,CVAI的保护性效应持续存在(P<0.05);而在心脑血管疾病死亡别中,保护效应主要体现于较高的2个CVAI分组(Q3、Q4)中(P<0.05)。限制性立方样条结果显示,CVAI与全因死亡风险存在显著的"倒U型"关系(P整体<0.001),当CVAI处于110.3~195.0时,生存时间维持在相对最佳的水平。分层分析结果显示,CVAI指数的保护效应在65~69岁人群、女性人群中最为明显。剔除随访时间不足1年的个体并重新拟合模型,结果显示,较高的CVAI水平与更长生存时间之间的正相关关系依然存在(P<0.05)。

结论

武汉市65岁以上老年人群较高的CVAI可能降低全死因死亡风险,当CVAI处于110.3~195.0时,生存时间维持在相对最佳的水平;CVAI可作为老年人死亡风险预测的参考指标。

关键词: 老年人, 中国内脏脂肪指数, 死亡, 肿瘤, 心血管疾病, 对数Logistic加速失效时间模型

CLC Number: