This review focuses on the delayed graduation issue in standardized residency training for general practitioners (GPSRT), conducting a cross-national comparative analysis of training systems, current status of delays, contributing factors, and reform strategies across 11 representative developed and developing countries. Findings reveal that delayed graduation in global GPRT programs is widespread, with postponement rates influenced by multiple factors including clinical resource shortages, elevated assessment standards, public health emergencies, and residents' mental health challenges. Developing countries face more pronounced challenges due to regional resource disparities. Nations demonstrate differentiated countermeasures: the United States optimizes training pathways through dynamic assessment mechanisms, Japan enhances grassroots physician retention via policy incentives, while China strengthens training process management through digital technologies. The study proposes that resolving this issue requires coordinated efforts across three dimensions: restructuring adaptive training models, building supportive ecosystem networks, and iterating crisis response mechanisms. This approach seeks to balance efficiency with humanistic care, standardization with personalization, ultimately enhancing the resilience of general practice education and healthcare service quality.

本文聚焦全科医学住院医师规范化培训（以下简称住培）延期结业问题，对世界上11个有代表性的发达国家、发展中国家的培训体系、延期现状、成因及改革策略展开跨国对比分析。研究发现，全球全科住培延期结业现象普遍，延期率受临床资源短缺、考核标准提升、突发公共卫生事件及住院医师心理健康等多重因素影响，发展中国家因区域资源不均问题更显突出。各国应对策略呈现差异化特点：美国依托动态评估机制优化培训路径，日本通过政策激励提升基层医生留存率，中国借助信息化手段强化过程管理等。破解该问题需从适应性培训模式重构、支持性生态网络构建、危机响应机制迭代三大维度协同发力，在效率与人文、标准与个性间寻求平衡，以提升全科医学教育韧性与医疗服务质量。