
Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (13): 1660-1665.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0688
Special Issue: 高血压最新文章合辑
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Received:2025-10-15
Revised:2025-12-21
Published:2026-05-05
Online:2026-04-14
Contact:
WU Chunxiang
通讯作者:
吴春香
作者简介:吴春香负责提出主要研究目标,负责研究的构思与设计,研究的实施,撰写论文,负责最终版本修订,对论文负责;田婕负责研究指标设计、分析思路和质量控制;郭毅、邓波负责统计学处理,图、表的绘制与展示;于杰、蔡宁负责数据采集和整理;沈莉负责研究实施过程质量控制和指导。
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0688
| 变量 | 赋值 |
|---|---|
| 性别 | 男=0,女=1 |
| 年龄 | <75岁=0,≥75岁=1 |
| 糖尿病史 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 短暂性脑出血发作史 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 家族史 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 吸烟 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 饮酒 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 规律活动 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 超重和肥胖 | 无=0,有=1 |
Table 1 Logistic regression analysis variable assignment
| 变量 | 赋值 |
|---|---|
| 性别 | 男=0,女=1 |
| 年龄 | <75岁=0,≥75岁=1 |
| 糖尿病史 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 短暂性脑出血发作史 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 家族史 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 吸烟 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 饮酒 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 规律活动 | 否=0,是=1 |
| 超重和肥胖 | 无=0,有=1 |
| 特征 | 数据 |
|---|---|
| 性别 | |
| 男 | 3 667(41.10) |
| 女 | 5 255(58.90) |
| 年龄 | |
| <60岁 | 212(2.38) |
| 60~74岁 | 4 214(47.23) |
| ≥75岁 | 4 496(50.39) |
| 糖尿病史 | |
| 无 | 7 450(83.50) |
| 有 | 1 472(16.50) |
| 短暂性脑缺血发作史 | |
| 无 | 8 091(90.69) |
| 有 | 831(9.31) |
| 高血压家族史 | |
| 无 | 4 535(50.83) |
| 有 | 4 387(49.17) |
| 吸烟 | |
| 否 | 7 372(82.63) |
| 是 | 1 550(17.37) |
| 饮酒 | |
| 否 | 1 091(12.23) |
| 是 | 7 831(87.77) |
| 规律活动 | |
| 否 | 8 041(90.13) |
| 是 | 881(9.87) |
| 超重和肥胖 | |
| 否 | 4 289(48.07) |
| 是 | 4 633(51.93) |
Table 2 Basic characteristics of survey subjects
| 特征 | 数据 |
|---|---|
| 性别 | |
| 男 | 3 667(41.10) |
| 女 | 5 255(58.90) |
| 年龄 | |
| <60岁 | 212(2.38) |
| 60~74岁 | 4 214(47.23) |
| ≥75岁 | 4 496(50.39) |
| 糖尿病史 | |
| 无 | 7 450(83.50) |
| 有 | 1 472(16.50) |
| 短暂性脑缺血发作史 | |
| 无 | 8 091(90.69) |
| 有 | 831(9.31) |
| 高血压家族史 | |
| 无 | 4 535(50.83) |
| 有 | 4 387(49.17) |
| 吸烟 | |
| 否 | 7 372(82.63) |
| 是 | 1 550(17.37) |
| 饮酒 | |
| 否 | 1 091(12.23) |
| 是 | 7 831(87.77) |
| 规律活动 | |
| 否 | 8 041(90.13) |
| 是 | 881(9.87) |
| 超重和肥胖 | |
| 否 | 4 289(48.07) |
| 是 | 4 633(51.93) |
| 特征 | 持续规律组(n=3 255) | 缓慢下降组(n=2 263) | U型变化组(n=1 020) | 缓慢上升组(n=1 058) | 持续不规律组(n=1 326) | χ2(t)值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别[例(%)] | 14.25 | 0.007 | |||||
| 男 | 1 306(40.12) | 884(39.06) | 453(44.41) | 442(41.78) | 582(43.89) | ||
| 女 | 1 949(59.88) | 1 379(60.94) | 567(55.59) | 616(58.22) | 744(56.11) | ||
| 年龄[例(%)] | 33.94 | <0.001 | |||||
| <60岁 | 45(1.99) | 79(2.43) | 22(2.16) | 26(2.46) | 40(3.02) | ||
| 60~74岁 | 992(43.84) | 1 517(46.41) | 483(47.35) | 547(51.70) | 675(50.90) | ||
| ≥75岁 | 1 226(54.18) | 1 659(50.97)) | 515(50.49) | 485(45.84) | 611(46.08) | ||
| 高血压病程( | 2.52±2.51 | 2.74±2.48 | 2.95±2.65 | 3.18±2.52 | 3.45±2.68 | 37.96a | <0.001 |
| 糖尿病史[例(%)] | 23.66 | <0.001 | |||||
| 无 | 2 691(82.67) | 1 838(81.22) | 875(85.78) | 903(85.35) | 1 143(86.20) | ||
| 有 | 564(17.33) | 425(18.78) | 145(14.22) | 155(14.65) | 183(13.80) | ||
| 短暂性脑缺血发作史[例(%)] | 21.41 | <0.001 | |||||
| 无 | 2 955(90.78) | 2 007(88.69) | 926(90.78) | 967(91.40) | 1 236(93.21) | ||
| 有 | 300(9.22) | 256(11.31) | 94(9.22) | 91(8.60) | 90(6.79) | ||
| 高血压家族史[例(%)] | 12.99 | 0.011 | |||||
| 无 | 1 701(52.26) | 1 185(52.36) | 503(49.31) | 508(48.02) | 638(48.11) | ||
| 有 | 1 554(47.74) | 1 078(47.64) | 517(50.69) | 550(51.98) | 688(51.89) | ||
| 吸烟[例(%)] | 8.35 | 0.079 | |||||
| 否 | 2 674(82.15) | 1 914(84.58) | 831(81.47) | 869(82.14) | 1 084(81.75) | ||
| 是 | 581(17.85) | 349(15.42) | 189(18.53) | 189(17.86) | 242(18.25) | ||
| 饮酒[例(%)] | 8.99 | 0.061 | |||||
| 否 | 412(12.66) | 240(10.61) | 134(13.14) | 126(11.91) | 179(13.50) | ||
| 是 | 2 843(87.34) | 2 023(89.39) | 886(86.86) | 932(88.09) | 1 147(86.50) | ||
| 规律活动[例(%)] | 10.96 | 0.027 | |||||
| 否 | 3 073(91.60) | 2 919(89.68)) | 917(89.90) | 933(88.19) | 1 199(90.42) | ||
| 是 | 190(8.40) | 336(10.32) | 103(10.10) | 125(11.81) | 127(9.58) | ||
| 超重和肥胖[例(%)] | 4.48 | 0.345 | |||||
| 否 | 1 557(47.83) | 1 063(46.97) | 516(50.59) | 502(47.45) | 651(49.10) | ||
| 是 | 1 698(52.17) | 1 200(53.03) | 504(49.41) | 556(52.55) | 675(50.90) | ||
Table 3 Analysis of patient characteristics in different subgroups' medical care seeking trajectories
| 特征 | 持续规律组(n=3 255) | 缓慢下降组(n=2 263) | U型变化组(n=1 020) | 缓慢上升组(n=1 058) | 持续不规律组(n=1 326) | χ2(t)值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别[例(%)] | 14.25 | 0.007 | |||||
| 男 | 1 306(40.12) | 884(39.06) | 453(44.41) | 442(41.78) | 582(43.89) | ||
| 女 | 1 949(59.88) | 1 379(60.94) | 567(55.59) | 616(58.22) | 744(56.11) | ||
| 年龄[例(%)] | 33.94 | <0.001 | |||||
| <60岁 | 45(1.99) | 79(2.43) | 22(2.16) | 26(2.46) | 40(3.02) | ||
| 60~74岁 | 992(43.84) | 1 517(46.41) | 483(47.35) | 547(51.70) | 675(50.90) | ||
| ≥75岁 | 1 226(54.18) | 1 659(50.97)) | 515(50.49) | 485(45.84) | 611(46.08) | ||
| 高血压病程( | 2.52±2.51 | 2.74±2.48 | 2.95±2.65 | 3.18±2.52 | 3.45±2.68 | 37.96a | <0.001 |
| 糖尿病史[例(%)] | 23.66 | <0.001 | |||||
| 无 | 2 691(82.67) | 1 838(81.22) | 875(85.78) | 903(85.35) | 1 143(86.20) | ||
| 有 | 564(17.33) | 425(18.78) | 145(14.22) | 155(14.65) | 183(13.80) | ||
| 短暂性脑缺血发作史[例(%)] | 21.41 | <0.001 | |||||
| 无 | 2 955(90.78) | 2 007(88.69) | 926(90.78) | 967(91.40) | 1 236(93.21) | ||
| 有 | 300(9.22) | 256(11.31) | 94(9.22) | 91(8.60) | 90(6.79) | ||
| 高血压家族史[例(%)] | 12.99 | 0.011 | |||||
| 无 | 1 701(52.26) | 1 185(52.36) | 503(49.31) | 508(48.02) | 638(48.11) | ||
| 有 | 1 554(47.74) | 1 078(47.64) | 517(50.69) | 550(51.98) | 688(51.89) | ||
| 吸烟[例(%)] | 8.35 | 0.079 | |||||
| 否 | 2 674(82.15) | 1 914(84.58) | 831(81.47) | 869(82.14) | 1 084(81.75) | ||
| 是 | 581(17.85) | 349(15.42) | 189(18.53) | 189(17.86) | 242(18.25) | ||
| 饮酒[例(%)] | 8.99 | 0.061 | |||||
| 否 | 412(12.66) | 240(10.61) | 134(13.14) | 126(11.91) | 179(13.50) | ||
| 是 | 2 843(87.34) | 2 023(89.39) | 886(86.86) | 932(88.09) | 1 147(86.50) | ||
| 规律活动[例(%)] | 10.96 | 0.027 | |||||
| 否 | 3 073(91.60) | 2 919(89.68)) | 917(89.90) | 933(88.19) | 1 199(90.42) | ||
| 是 | 190(8.40) | 336(10.32) | 103(10.10) | 125(11.81) | 127(9.58) | ||
| 超重和肥胖[例(%)] | 4.48 | 0.345 | |||||
| 否 | 1 557(47.83) | 1 063(46.97) | 516(50.59) | 502(47.45) | 651(49.10) | ||
| 是 | 1 698(52.17) | 1 200(53.03) | 504(49.41) | 556(52.55) | 675(50.90) | ||
| 影响因素 | 持续规律组 | 缓慢下降组 | U型变化组 | 缓慢上升组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | |
| 女 | 1.23(1.05~1.45) | 0.012 | 1.23(1.06~1.43) | 0.007 | 1.00(0.82~1.21) | 0.979 | 1.10(0.91~1.33) | 0.334 |
| 年龄≥75岁 | 1.66(1.06~2.60) | 0.025 | 1.33(0.89~1.99) | 0.161 | 1.50(0.88~2.58) | 0.138 | 1.18(0.71~1.97) | 0.524 |
| 年龄60~74岁 | 1.23(0.79~1.91) | 0.366 | 1.10(0.74~1.64) | 0.633 | 1.26(0.73~2.15) | 0.406 | 1.21(0.73~2.02) | 0.459 |
| 高血压病程 | 0.89(0.87~0.92) | <0.001 | 0.88(0.85~0.90) | <0.001 | 0.93(0.90~0.96) | <0.001 | 0.96(0.93~0.99) | 0.009 |
| 有家族史 | 0.86(0.75~0.99) | 0.037 | 0.86(0.75~0.98) | 0.027 | 0.97(0.82~1.14) | 0.696 | 0.99(0.84~1.17) | 0.916 |
| 有糖尿病史 | 1.36(1.12~1.65) | 0.002 | 1.32(1.09~1.59) | 0.004 | 1.02(0.80~1.30) | 0.861 | 1.08(0.85~1.36) | 0.540 |
| 有短暂性脑缺血发作史 | 1.73(1.34~2.24) | <0.001 | 1.43(1.11~1.83) | 0.005 | 1.40(1.03~1.90) | 0.031 | 1.29(0.95~1.75) | 0.106 |
| 吸烟 | 1.13(0.80~1.58) | 0.499 | 1.29(0.94~1.78) | 0.116 | 1.15(0.77~1.70) | 0.503 | 1.35(0.92~1.97) | 0.125 |
| 饮酒 | 1.16(0.80~1.69) | 0.427 | 1.12(0.80~1.59) | 0.507 | 1.11(0.72~1.71) | 0.645 | 1.43(0.94~2.18) | 0.097 |
| 规律运动 | 0.91(0.71~1.16) | 0.435 | 1.21(0.97~1.51) | 0.092 | 1.05(0.80~1.39) | 0.708 | 1.29(0.99~1.68) | 0.060 |
| 超重和肥胖 | 1.11(0.96~1.27) | 0.152 | 1.08(0.94~1.23) | 0.273 | 0.94(0.80~1.11) | 0.478 | 1.08(0.92~1.27) | 0.359 |
Table 4 Analysis of influencing factors on the trajectories change of medical care seeking among different subgroups
| 影响因素 | 持续规律组 | 缓慢下降组 | U型变化组 | 缓慢上升组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | |
| 女 | 1.23(1.05~1.45) | 0.012 | 1.23(1.06~1.43) | 0.007 | 1.00(0.82~1.21) | 0.979 | 1.10(0.91~1.33) | 0.334 |
| 年龄≥75岁 | 1.66(1.06~2.60) | 0.025 | 1.33(0.89~1.99) | 0.161 | 1.50(0.88~2.58) | 0.138 | 1.18(0.71~1.97) | 0.524 |
| 年龄60~74岁 | 1.23(0.79~1.91) | 0.366 | 1.10(0.74~1.64) | 0.633 | 1.26(0.73~2.15) | 0.406 | 1.21(0.73~2.02) | 0.459 |
| 高血压病程 | 0.89(0.87~0.92) | <0.001 | 0.88(0.85~0.90) | <0.001 | 0.93(0.90~0.96) | <0.001 | 0.96(0.93~0.99) | 0.009 |
| 有家族史 | 0.86(0.75~0.99) | 0.037 | 0.86(0.75~0.98) | 0.027 | 0.97(0.82~1.14) | 0.696 | 0.99(0.84~1.17) | 0.916 |
| 有糖尿病史 | 1.36(1.12~1.65) | 0.002 | 1.32(1.09~1.59) | 0.004 | 1.02(0.80~1.30) | 0.861 | 1.08(0.85~1.36) | 0.540 |
| 有短暂性脑缺血发作史 | 1.73(1.34~2.24) | <0.001 | 1.43(1.11~1.83) | 0.005 | 1.40(1.03~1.90) | 0.031 | 1.29(0.95~1.75) | 0.106 |
| 吸烟 | 1.13(0.80~1.58) | 0.499 | 1.29(0.94~1.78) | 0.116 | 1.15(0.77~1.70) | 0.503 | 1.35(0.92~1.97) | 0.125 |
| 饮酒 | 1.16(0.80~1.69) | 0.427 | 1.12(0.80~1.59) | 0.507 | 1.11(0.72~1.71) | 0.645 | 1.43(0.94~2.18) | 0.097 |
| 规律运动 | 0.91(0.71~1.16) | 0.435 | 1.21(0.97~1.51) | 0.092 | 1.05(0.80~1.39) | 0.708 | 1.29(0.99~1.68) | 0.060 |
| 超重和肥胖 | 1.11(0.96~1.27) | 0.152 | 1.08(0.94~1.23) | 0.273 | 0.94(0.80~1.11) | 0.478 | 1.08(0.92~1.27) | 0.359 |
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