With the aging of the population, chronic diseases have become a significant public health challenge. Enhancing health literacy among individuals with chronic diseases can foster a proactive approach to health management, leading to improved health outcomes.

This study aims to examine the current status of health literacy and its influencing factors among patients with chronic diseases in Shanghai, with the goal of providing theoretical support for future health promotion strategies and chronic disease management programs.

From February to May 2023, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed. Based on the resident population size and the number of community health service centers in each administrative district of Shanghai, 1 to 4 community health service centers were randomly selected from 16 districts, totaling 28 centers. A questionnaire survey was administered to chronic disease patients visiting these centers. A general information questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data, and a health literacy scale was applied to assess the health literacy levels of the respondents.

Of the 768 chronic disease patients surveyed, 13 questionnaires with incomplete data were excluded, resulting in a final sample of 755 patients, with an effective response rate of 98.3%. Among the respondents, 435 (57.62%) exhibited good health literacy. In terms of specific dimensions, 664 patients (87.95%) demonstrated the ability to obtain information, 618 (81.85%) expressed willingness to provide economic support, 559 (74.04%) showed communication and interaction skills, and 646 (85.56%) were willing to improve their health. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender (OR=1.549, 95%CI=1.148-2.091) and family doctor contracting (OR=1.634, 95%CI=1.162-2.299) were significant influencing factors for health literacy among chronic disease patients (P<0.05). Furthermore, the proportion of patients with stable disease control in the past year was significantly higher among those with adequate health literacy compared to those without (P<0.05) .

The overall health literacy of chronic disease patients in Shanghai requires improvement. Gender and contracting with a family doctor are key factors influencing health literacy levels. Targeted interventions are recommended to expand the coverage and enhance the quality of family doctor services, thereby improving health literacy. These findings provide valuable insights for promoting proactive health management in chronic disease care.

随着我国人口老龄化加剧，慢性病已成为威胁居民健康的主要因素。提高慢性病人群的健康素养，有助于其形成主动的健康管理理念，从而改善健康结果。

探索上海市慢性病患者的健康素养现状及其影响因素，以期为未来的健康促进策略和慢性病管理提供理论支持。

于2023年2—5月，采用多阶段分层随机抽样法，结合上海市各行政区的常住人口数和社区卫生服务中心数量，从上海市16个区中随机抽取1~4个社区卫生服务中心，共选取28个社区卫生服务中心，对前来就诊的慢性病患者进行问卷调查。采用一般资料调查表收集调查对象的基本资料，采用健康素养量表评价调查对象的健康素养水平。

共调研768例慢性病患者，其中13份问卷信息不完整，予以剔除。最终共755份调研问卷纳入研究，问卷有效回收率为98.3%。755例患者中，具备良好的健康素养患者435例（57.62%），具备信息获取能力664例（87.95%），具备经济支持意愿618例（81.85%），具备交流互动能力559例（74.04%），具备改善健康意愿646例（85.56%）。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别（女性：OR=1.549，95%CI=1.148~2.091）、家庭医生是否签约（是：OR=1.634，95%CI=1.162~2.299）是慢性病患者健康素养的影响因素（P<0.05）。具备健康素养的慢性病患者最近1年所患疾病病情控制稳定所占比例高于不具备健康素养慢性病患者（P<0.05）。

上海市慢性病患者的健康素养整体上有待提升。性别、是否进行家庭医生签约是慢性病人群健康素养水平的影响因素。建议实施针对性干预，推广家庭医生签约服务的覆盖范围和质量，以提高健康素养水平，为主动健康的实施提供了重要参考。