Lipid metabolism is a key physiological process in the human body, and its disruption is closely omected with the onset and development of depression. Nevertheless, a systematic collation of these associations is currently inadequate. This article comprehensively explored the changes in lipid metabolism in patients with depression and elaborates on disorders in which disorders of lipid metabolism were co-morbidly associated with depression, such as overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. In addition, the article summarised five intrinsic mechanisms by which abnormalities in lipid metabolism were associated with the development of depression: overexpression of SNCA genes and abnormal accumulation of α-Syn, iron death, dysbiosis of gut microbiota, impairment of mitochondrial quality control systems, and chronic stress. Finally, this article suggested future research directions aimed at providing a new perspective and research basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of depression.

脂质代谢是人体关键的生理过程，其紊乱与抑郁症的发生和发展密切联系。尽管如此，目前对这些联系的系统性整理尚不充分。本文综合探讨了抑郁症患者的脂质代谢变化，并详细阐述了脂质代谢紊乱与抑郁症共病关系的疾病，如超重、肥胖以及代谢综合征。另外，本文总结了5个脂质代谢异常与抑郁症发展相关的内在机制：α-突触核蛋白基因（SNCA基因）的过表达和α-突触核蛋白（α-Syn）的异常积聚、铁死亡、肠道菌群失调、线粒体质量控制系统障碍以及慢性应激。最后，本文提出了未来研究方向，为抑郁症的早期诊断与治疗提供了新的视角和研究基础。