Enuresis is one of the common diseases in children and adolescents, and in recent years, enuresis has posed a great threat to the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, seriously affecting the quality of life of the affected children, and bringing a serious burden to the society and families. At present, there are still controversies about the influencing factors of enuresis in children and adolescents, and there are few relevant systematic evaluations at home and abroad.

To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of enuresis in children and adolescents in China using Meta-analysis.

Computer searches were conducted for relevant studies in the databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from the construction of the database to May 2024. Independent screening and cross-checking by 2 investigators, cross-sectional studies were assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software.

A total of 27 papers were included, including 243 530 children patients. The results showed that the prevalence of enuresis in Chinese children and adolescents was 6.1% (95%CI=5.1%-7.2%), of which, male (OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.41-1.64), family history of enuresis (OR=3.46, 95%CI=2.01-5.93), constipation (OR=2.32, 95%CI=1.59-3.40), history of urinary tract infections (OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.81-3.01), and sleep disorder (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.10-3.67), urinary frequency (OR=1.90, 95%CI=1.43-2.52), urinary urgency (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.31-2.12), and urinary incontinence (OR=4.85, 95%CI=2.78-8.45) were risk factors for enuresis in children and adolescents (P<0.05) ; urinary training (OR=0.11, 95%CI=0.02-0.46) was a protective factor for enuresis in children and adolescents (P<0.05) .

The prevalence of enuresis is high in Chinese children and adolescents, and that gender, family history of enuresis, constipation, history of urinary tract infection, voiding training, sleep disorders, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and urinary incontinence are the main influencing factors of enuresis in children and adolescents. Therefore, in the future, early identification and intervention of enuresis in children and adolescents should be carried out, parents' attention to enuresis should be raised, and the popularisation of disease education should be done to reduce the prevalence of enuresis and improve the quality of life of the affected children and their families.

遗尿症是儿科常见疾病之一，近年来，遗尿症对儿童青少年身心健康造成了极大的威胁，严重影响患儿的生活质量，给社会和家庭带来严重的负担。目前，关于儿童青少年遗尿症的影响因素还存在争议，且国内外鲜见相关的系统评价。

利用Meta分析探讨国内儿童青少年遗尿症的患病率和影响因素。

计算机检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据知识服务平台（Wanfang Data）、维普网（VIP）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库中的相关研究，检索时间从建库至2024年5月。由2名研究者独立筛选并交叉核对，横断面研究采用美国医疗保健研究与质量机构进行评估，采用Stata17.0软件进行Meta分析。

共纳入27篇文献，包括243 530例患儿。Meta分析结果显示，中国儿童青少年遗尿症患病率为6.1%（95%CI=5.1%~7.2%），其中，男性（OR=1.52，95%CI=1.41~1.64）、遗尿症家族史（OR=3.46，95%CI=2.01~5.93）、便秘（OR=2.32，95%CI=1.59~3.40）、尿路感染史（OR=2.33，95%CI=1.81~3.01）、睡眠障碍（OR=2.01，95%CI=1.10~3.67）、尿频（OR=1.90，95%CI=1.43~2.52）、尿急（OR=1.67，95%CI=1.31~2.12）、尿失禁（OR=4.85，95%CI=2.78~8.45）是儿童青少年遗尿症的危险因素（P<0.05）；排尿训练（OR=0.11，95%CI=0.02~0.46）是儿童青少年遗尿症的保护因素（P<0.05）。

中国儿童青少年遗尿症患病率较高，性别、遗尿症家族史、便秘、尿路感染史、排尿训练、睡眠障碍、尿频、尿急、尿失禁是儿童青少年遗尿症的主要影响因素。因此，未来应对儿童青少年遗尿症进行早期识别和干预，提高家长对遗尿症的重视，做好疾病宣教普及，减少遗尿症患病率，提高患儿及家庭生活质量。