The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Healthy Aging" proposes to promote the realization of healthy aging, which not only requires the elderly to be healthy, but also pays attention to the security. With the deepening of the aging society, there is a significant gap in the level of participation of the current pension insurance system for urban and rural residents in various provinces. Under this background, it is of great significance to study the endowment insurance system.

To describ the spatial distribution of the basic old-age insurance participation level of urban and rural residents in 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020, to observe the spatial correlation and difference of the participation level among provinces, to analyze the relevant influencing factors, and to provide suggestions for the government and medical and health administrative departments to formulate the old-age insurance policy.

The data for this study is sourced from the China Statistical Yearbook from 2014 to 2021. The level of participation in urban and rural residential insurance is calculated based on the ratio of the number of urban and rural residents participating in basic pension insurance by region in the public management, social security, and social organization modules to the end of year population in the population clump. The various indicators of influencing factors are all from the 2014-2021 China Statistical Yearbook. Using ArcGIS 10.8 statistical analysis software, the basic pension insurance participation levels of urban and rural residents in 31 provinces were matched with provincial administrative divisions in China. Descriptive research and analysis were conducted on the differences in pension insurance participation levels among 31 provinces. Using methods such as global spatial autocorrelation and Getis Ord Gi * local hotspots, the spatial correlation and hot and cold spots of participation levels were studied, Study the relevant influencing factors by combining geographic detectors.

Overall, from 2013 to 2020, the number and level of urban and rural resident insurance participants in China had been continuously increasing year by year; from a vertical structure perspective, there were significant differences in the level of insurance participation among provinces; from a horizontal perspective, from 2013 to 2020, the growth rate of most provinces was positive. The participation level of basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents in 31 provinces of China from 2013 to 2020 had spatial correlation. The central provinces were hot areas, while Shanghai is a cold area. The influencing factors on the participation rate were economic development factors, social development factors, policy factors, and cultural and educational factors in descending order.

The overall level of participation in basic pension insurance for residents has been increasing year by year, but there are differences in the level of participation and growth rate among provinces. The level of economic development is an important factor affecting the level of participation in basic pension insurance for residents.

《"十四五"健康老龄化规划》提出促进实现健康老龄化，这不仅是要老年人健康，更要关注养老保障。随着老龄化社会程度的不断加深，各省份现行的城乡居民养老保险（以下简称城乡居保）制度的参保水平等差距明显。在此背景下对养老保险制度进行研究具有重要意义。

通过描述2013—2020年31省份城乡居保参保水平的空间分布现状，观察我国参保水平的空间相关性和差异性，分析相关影响因素，为政府和医疗卫生行政部门制定养老保险政策提供建议。

本研究数据来源于2014—2021年《中国统计年鉴》，城乡居保的参保水平根据公共管理、社会保障和社会组织模块中的分地区"城乡居民基本养老保险参保人数"与人口模块中分地区"年末人口数"之比计算得出。影响因素的各个指标均来自2014—2021年《中国统计年鉴》。运用ArcGIS 10.8统计分析软件，将整理的31个省份的城乡居保参保水平与中国省级行政区划进行匹配，对31个省份之间的城乡居保参保水平的差异进行描述性分析，利用全局空间自相关和Getis-Ord Gi*局部热点等方法，研究参保水平的空间相关性和冷热点，结合地理探测器研究相关影响因素。

从全国总体来看，2013—2020年，我国城乡居保参保人数和参保水平都是逐年上升的；从纵向结构上看，各省份的参保水平差异很大；从横向结构上看，2013—2020年，大部分省份的增长率都为正值。我国2013—2020年31省城乡居保参保水平具有空间相关性，中部省份为热点地区，上海市为冷点地区，影响因素对参保率的影响力由大到小依次为经济发展因素、社会发展因素、政策因素、文化教育因素。

城乡居保总体参保水平逐年上涨，但各省份之间的参保水平和增长率存在差异，经济发展水平是影响城乡居保参保水平的重要因素。