The prevalence of health problems in Chinese children and adolescents is high. The mention of myopia, obesity, caries, scoliosis and other health problems in adolescents in the Healthy China 2030 Initiative Indicates that these problems have become the national concerns. The establishment of a long-term, standardized disease screening and management mode by the community health center (CHC) in combination with schools in service coverage areas of the CHC will provide a new idea for strengthening the health management of children and adolescents by the CHC.

To perform posture assessment and vision screening in full-time students receiving the nine-year compulsory education in schools in the service coverage area of Chaohe Community Health Center of Zhengzhou Economic-Technological Development Area using a CHC-school-based approach, to identify problems in disease screening and management for children and adolescents, to analyze the practice and advantages of CHC-school-based disease screening and management, and to develop a CHC-school-based health management model for children and adolescents.

This study was conducted from May to November 2021. Cluster sampling was used to select grades 1-9 full-time students (n=11 318) in 225 classes of 6 primary schools and 3 middle schools in the areas covered with health services delivered by the Chaohe Community Health Center of Zhengzhou Economic-Technological Development Area. All of them received posture assessment and vision screening.

Among the participants, 6 260 were male and 5 058 were female; 7 979 were pupils, and 3 339 were junior high school students. The prevalence of abnormal posture was 41.34% (4 679/11 318) . With the increase of grade, the prevalence of uneven shoulders, thoracic kyphosis, scoliosis, O-shaped legs, and toe valgus increased, while that of knee hyperextension, flat feet and pes valgus decreased (P<0.05) . The prevalence of 1, 2, 3 and 4 or more abnormal postures was 29.13% (3 297/11 318) , 8.60% (973/11 318) , 3.01% (341/11 318) , and 0.60% (68/11 318) , respectively. Male students had higher prevalence of thoracic kyphosis, scoliosis, flat feet and toe valgus, and lower prevalence of knee hyperextension, X-shaped legs, O-shaped legs and foot valgus than female students (P<0.05) . The prevalence of abnormal vision was 74.99% (8 486/11 318) . The prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism was 41.75% (4 725/11 318) , 26.14% (2 959/11 318) , and 7.09% (802/11 318) , respectively. With the increase of grade, the prevalence of myopia increased and that of hyperopia decreased (P<0.05) .

At present, the abnormal posture rate of children and adolescents in Zhengzhou is about 40%, and the myopia rate exceeds 40%. With the increase of grade, the prevalence of uneven shoulders, thoracic kyphosis, scoliosis, O-shaped legs, toe valgus and the prevalence of myopia increased, but there is a lack of effective and normal screening and health management systems. As the hospital-school approach could improve the effectiveness and normalization of the health screening and management for children and adolescents, so this approach is recommended to be used in further improvement of the top-level design and efficacy assessment of health management in children and adolescents. In addition to CHC school-based management, the health management of children and adolescents also involves the efforts of themselves and their families, which is equally important as the former two.

我国儿童青少年健康问题不容乐观，《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》对青少年健康问题如近视、肥胖、口腔龋齿、脊柱侧弯等的关注已经提升到国家层面。建立社区卫生服务中心与辖区学校联合对儿童青少年长期规范化疾病筛查与管理的模式将为依托社区卫生服务中心开展儿童青少年健康管理工作提出新思路。

通过社区卫生服务中心与学校联合，筛查郑州经济技术开发区潮河社区卫生服务中心服务辖区内的九年义务教育在校学生体态及视力现状，探讨儿童青少年疾病筛查及管理中存在的问题，分析医校联合对儿童青少年进行疾病筛查与健康管理的做法与优势，初步建立医校联合对学生健康管理的模式。

2021年5—11月于郑州市经济技术开发区整群抽样潮河社区卫生服务中心服务辖区内所有学校，包括6所小学、3所中学的225个班级共计11 318名学生，按照年级分层，对1~9年级所有在校学生进行体态检查和视力检查。

本研究纳入调查的11 318名学生中男生6 260名、女生5 058名；小学生7 979名、初中生3 339名。体态检查异常4 679名，异常率为41.34%，随年级的升高，高低肩、胸椎后凸、脊柱侧弯、O型腿、足趾外翻检出率升高，膝关节过伸、扁平足、足外翻检出率下降（P<0.05）。仅有1种类型异常体态学生3 297名（29.13%），有2种类型异常体态学生973名（8.60%），有3种类型异常体态学生341名（3.01%），有4种及以上异常体态学生68名（0.60%）。男生的胸椎后凸、脊柱侧弯、扁平足、足趾外翻检出率高于女生，膝关节过伸、X型腿、O型腿、足外翻检出率低于女生（P<0.05）。视力检查异常8 486名，异常率为74.99%；其中4 725名学生近视（41.75%），2 959名学生远视（26.14%），802名学生散光（7.09%），随着年级升高近视率提高、远视率降低（P<0.05）。

目前郑州地区的儿童青少年体态异常率约40%，近视率超过40%，随年级的升高，高低肩、胸椎后凸、脊柱侧弯、O型腿、足趾外翻检出率和近视率均升高，但缺乏有效、常态化筛查及健康管理机制，医校联合可以促进儿童青少年健康筛查及管理有效、常态化进行，建议医校联合进一步解决儿童青少年健康管理顶层设计及效果评价问题；儿童青少年健康管理除社区卫生服务中心与学校管理因素外，家庭与儿童、青少年个体的参与同样重要。