Abstract:

Early recognition of patients who may gain benefits from palliative care will help medical service providers to provide such patients with targeted, patient-centered care, therebyreducing the provision of meaningless overtreatment, and improving negative emotional distress and quality of life of patients as well as the quality of life of patients' families. Many tools developed by foreign scholars for early identifying patients with potential palliative care needs, are mostly consisted of predictors of death risk and early warning signs of deterioration. In particular, some of them have been iteratively updated during the process of global application and verification, and could recognize those who could benefit from palliative care, although their applicability and accuracy levels need to be improved further. In contrast, in China, related research is scarce, and the development and application of such tools are still in the preliminary stage. In accordance with the classification of applicable diseases and people, we classified the tools for early identifyingpatients with potential palliative care needs, reviewed their main contents, characteristics and applications, thenmade a comparative analysis of the common tools in terms of basic essentials and application, with a view to providing a reference for the development and localization of such tools, and for accurateassessment and provision of potential palliative care for those who can benefit from such care.

Key words: Hospice and palliative care nursing, Advanced diseases, Screening, Identification, Tools, Scales, Review

摘要：

尽早识别可能从姑息照护中获益的患者，有助于医疗服务提供者为患者提供针对性的、以患者为中心的治疗和护理服务，减少患者负性情绪、"无意义"的过度治疗，提高患者及其家属的生活质量。国外学者研发了多种姑息照护患者早期识别工具，这些工具多由死亡风险相关预测指标和病情恶化早期预警指标构成，部分工具已经历数次迭代更新并在国际上得到了验证和推广，已被证明可以识别出能从姑息治疗中获益的患者，但其易用性、识别准确度仍有待提高；国内尚缺乏相关的研究，且识别工具的应用和研发尚处于初步探索阶段。本文以适用疾病和人群为依据，对国内外姑息照护患者早期识别工具进行分类后，对各工具的主要内容、特点及应用情况等进行综述，并将常用工具从基本情况和应用状况两方面进行比较分析，以期为本土化识别工具的构建提供借鉴，为准确评估、针对性照护可从姑息照护中获益的患者提供依据。

关键词: 临终关怀和姑息治疗护理, 晚期疾病, 筛查, 识别, 工具, 量表, 综述