Abstract: Background　China has launched the construction of community hospitals as an important key initiative to satisfy people's essential primary healthcare needs in the new era，and a key segment to promote the development of a high-quality and efficient healthcare system. China has issued a series of policy documents to facilitate the development of community hospitals since the pilot construction of community hospitals initiated in 2019. As of 2020，1 410 community hospitals had been successfully built，and it is essential to analyze their construction using the tracking and monitoring data. Objective　To analyze the monitoring data of the construction of community hospitals in China as of 2020，and put forward policy recommendations to solve the problems and difficulties during the construction. Methods　We collected the tracking and monitoring data of the construction of community hospitals in China in December 2020，and analyzed the data in terms of whether meeting the recommended standards，building area，number of sick beds，setting up departments，and allocation of general practitioners，as well as made a summary of the advances in constructing community hospitals in each region during the period of 2019—2020. Results　By the end of 2020，the number of community hospitals had reached 1 410，73.12% of which（1 023/1 399） met the recommended standards of "Activities for Achieving Quality Primary Healthcare Services"，including all community hospitals in Shanxi and other eight regions. In 2020，the average building area of each community hospital across the country reached 6 822 square meters，with an increase of 347 square meters compared with that of 2019. The share of community hospitals with a building area of more than 3 000 square meters got up to 96.07%（1 343/1 398）. There were 91 sickbeds in each community hospital on average，which increased by 3 than that of 2019. 97.13%（1 355/1 395） of community hospitals had equipped with more than 30 sick beds. Overall，the department setting of community hospitals had been improved. Most community hospitals had set up departments of general practice，rehabilitation department and traditional Chinese medicine，and the share of those reaching the standard of "having at least 5 other clinical departments" was 89.15%（1 241/1 392）. In 2020，the top 3 clinical departments added to community hospitals were fever clinic〔18.95%（260/1 372）〕，rehabilitation department〔9.10%（126/1 384）〕，and mental health department〔6.55%（89/1 358）〕. The number of general practitioners in each community hospital was 16.15 on average，which increased by 1.16 than that of 2019. Conclusion　The development of community hospitals kept improving smoothly，which was manifested as doubled number of community hospitals，strengthened infrastructure equipment，increased clinical departments，and improved service capabilities. However，there were obvious inter-regional differences in terms of the number of community hospitals，and community hospitals in some regions failed to meet the recommended standards. There is a way to go in improving related policies and human resource constructions. It is recommended that local governments steadily strengthen community hospitals constructions according to the 14th Five-Year Plan，focusing on high-quality development of community hospitals under multi-department cooperation and related policy improvement.

Key words: Community hospitals, Community health services, Health care reform, Capacity building, Characteristic department, Quality improvement

摘要： 背景　社区医院建设是新时期满足群众基本医疗卫生服务需求的重要举措，是推动构建优质高效医疗卫生服务体系的关键环节。自2019年开展社区医院试点工作以来，国家紧密出台相关政策文件推动其发展。截至2020年底，我国已成功创建1 410家社区医院，对其建设情况进行监测、分析十分必要。目的　分析2020年全国社区医院监测数据，针对社区医院建设推进过程中存在的问题与困难，提出进一步推动社区医院建设相关政策建议。方法　利用课题组于2020年12月开展的社区医院追踪监测数据，从社区医院达到推荐标准、业务用房建筑面积、实际开放床位数、科室设置、全科医生配置等方面进行分析，梳理各省份2020年社区医院建设工作进展。结果　截至2020年12月，全国创建社区医院1 410个，73.12%（1 023/1 399）的社区医院达到“优质服务基层行”推荐标准，山西省等9个省份的社区医院全部达到推荐标准。2020年，全国已建成的社区医院平均业务用房面积6 822 m2，较2019年增加347 m2，达到“业务用房面积≥3 000 m2”标准的社区医院占比为96.07%（1 343/1 398）；社区医院平均实际开放床位数为91张，较2019年增加3张，达到“实际开放床位数≥30张”标准的社区医院占比为97.13%（1 355/1 395）；社区医院临床科室设置逐渐齐全，除全科医疗科、康复医学科、中医科外达到“其他10个临床专业科室数≥5个”标准的社区医院占比为89.15%（1 241/1 392），2020年新增临床科室占比较多的依次为发热门诊（18.95%，260/1 372）、康复医学科（9.10%，126/1 384）、精神/心理科（6.55%，89/1 358）；社区医院平均配置全科医生16.15人，较2019年增加1.16人。结论　社区医院推进工作进展顺利，数量翻番，基础设施设备加强，临床科室不断增加，服务能力进一步提升；但各省份社区医院建设数量差距较大，部分省份社区医院对标不够，配套政策应持续完善，人才队伍建设是关键环节。社区医院建设应与各地“十四五”规划相衔接，稳步推进；多部门协同配合，强化社区医院政策保障，推动社区医院高质量发展。

关键词: 社区医院, 社区卫生服务, 卫生保健改革, 能力建设, 特色科室, 质量改进