Abstract: Colorectal cancer is one of common cancers that threatens human health seriously. Early screening has been a global focus as an effective measure to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer，and an important prevention and treatment strategy. The key issues for colorectal cancer screening include delivering interventions specially focusing on populations at high risk for colorectal cancer，determining the appropriate screening interval for populations with different levels of risk for colorectal cancer，raising residents' health awareness from the community level，increasing screening participation，and performing health economic evaluation of the optimal screening strategy. Introducing colorectal cancer screening guidelines helps to identify people at high risk for colorectal cancer，explore appropriate screening ages and screening intervals，and improve the recognition of valuing screening participation，consequently increasing the cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening，so we summarized the recent colorectal cancer screening guidelines and studies about the cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening.

Key words: Colorectal neoplasms, Screening, Cost-benefit analysis

摘要： 结直肠癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤之一，严重威胁人类健康。早期筛查是降低结直肠癌发病率和死亡率的有效手段，也是重要的防治策略，已引起国际和国内的广泛关注。浓缩结直肠癌高危人群、确定合适的筛查间隔、从社区层面提升居民健康意识、提高筛查参与度并从卫生经济学的角度评估最佳筛查策略是结直肠癌筛查的重点和难点。总结结直肠癌的筛查指南有助于明确结直肠癌高危人群，确定合理的筛查年龄、筛查间隔，意识到提高筛查参与度的重要性，继而提高筛查的成本效益。本文对最新结直肠癌筛查指南、筛查的成本效益进行了综述。

关键词: 结直肠肿瘤, 筛查, 成本效益分析