Abstract: Anorectal stenosis is manifested clinically as thin stool shape or difficult defecation，anal pain or abdominal distension，and even intestinal obstruction.Anorectal stenosis can be congenital，primary or secondary，among which secondary anorectal stenosis，which is mainly caused by hemorrhoidectomy，is the most common.Anorectal stenosis after hemorrhoidectomy is a serious complication，which is difficult to treat and brings serious social and medical problems.The factors influencing the occurrence of the disease include severity of the disease，surgical approach，surgical skills，postoperative management and so on.So more attention should be paid to clinical prevention of the disease.Current treatments include surgical and non-surgical regimens，but there are no guidelines for the regimen selection.This article discussed the causes，prevention and clinical strategies of anorectal stenosis after hemorrhoidectomy，to provide help for primary care physicians to prevent and treat the disease.

Key words: Hemorrhoids, Postoperative complications, Anal canal, Anorectal stenosis, Rectal diseases

摘要： 肛门直肠狭窄临床表现为大便形状变细或排便困难，肛门疼痛或腹胀，甚至发生肠梗阻。肛门直肠狭窄由先天性、原发性、继发性因素造成，而继发性因素最为常见，痔手术是继发性肛门直肠狭窄的主要原因。痔术后肛门直肠狭窄是一种严重并发症，其治疗困难，并会带来严重的社会和医疗问题。影响该病发生的因素包括病情严重程度、手术方式、操作水平、术后管理等。临床上应格外重视肛门直肠狭窄的预防。肛门直肠狭窄的治疗包括非手术治疗和手术治疗。目前对于肛门直肠狭窄的治疗方案选择尚无指南可参考，本文主要围绕痔术后肛门直肠狭窄的原因、预防及临床应对策略进行讨论，以期为基层医师防治该病提供帮助。

关键词: 痔, 手术后并发症, 肛管, 肛门直肠狭窄, 直肠疾病