Advances in Sarcopenia Screening Tools in the Elderly

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.423

Abstract

Abstract: In China，the prevalence of sarcopenia is growing along with rapidly increased aging population.Sarcopenia is closely associated with poor health outcomes of the elderly，suggesting that screening of sarcopenia in this group should be strengthened.At present，there are various screening tools for sarcopenia.We reviewed the kinds，application，sensitivity，specificity，area under ROC curve and other indicators of common screening tools for sarcopenia in the elderly，providing a basis for early detection of high-risk population of sarcopenia and timely delivery of relevant interventions.

Key words: Sarcopenia, Screening tools, Aged, Review

摘要： 随着我国人口老龄化进程加速，患有肌肉减少症的老年人数量逐渐增加，而肌肉减少症与老年人不良健康结局密切相关，提示应加强对老年人肌肉减少症的筛查。目前有多种肌肉减少症筛查工具，本文就老年人群中常见的肌肉减少症筛查工具的种类、应用及灵敏度、特异度、受试者工作特征曲线下面积等指标进行综述，为早期发现肌肉减少症高危人群，及时采取相关干预措施提供依据。

关键词: 肌肉减少症, 筛查工具, 老年人, 综述

LU Jinling,XU Qin,HUA Hongxia, et al. Advances in Sarcopenia Screening Tools in the Elderly　[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2020, 23(27): 3444-3448. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.423.
陆金玲,许勤,花红霞等. 肌肉减少症筛查工具在老年人群中的研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2020, 23(27): 3444-3448. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.423.

References

［1］BEARD J R，OFFICER A，DE CARVALHO I A，et al．The World report on ageing and health：a policy framework for healthy ageing［J］．Lancet，2016，387（10033）：2145-2154．DOI：10.1016/S0140-6736（15）00516-4.
［2］CRUZ-JENTOFT A J，SAYER A A.Sarcopenia［J］．Lancet，2019，393（10191）：2636-2646．DOI：10.1016/s0140-6736（19）31138-9.
［3］KELLER K，ENGELHARDT M.Strength and muscle mass loss with aging process.Age and strength loss［J］．Muscles Ligaments Tendons J，2013，3（4）：346-350.
［4］GRIMBY G，SALTIN B.The ageing muscle［J］．Clin Physiol，1983，3（3）：209-218．DOI：10.1111/j.1475-097x.1983.tb00704.x.
［5］ZHANG Y，HAO Q，GE M，et al．Association of sarcopenia and fractures in community-dwelling older adults：a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies［J］．Osteoporos Int，2018，29（6）：1253-1262．DOI：10.1007/s00198-018-4429-5.
［6］PERKISAS S，DE COCK A M，VANDEWOUDE M，et al．Prevalence of sarcopenia and 9-year mortality in nursing home residents［J］．Aging Clin Exp Res，2019，31（7）：951-959．DOI：10.1007/s40520-018-1038-2.
［7］MAEDA K，AKAGI J.Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor of dysphagia in hospitalized older people［J］．Geriatr Gerontol Int，2016，16（4）：515-521．DOI：10.1111/ggi.12486.
［8］CAWTHON P M.Recent progress in sarcopenia research：a focus on operationalizing a definition of sarcopenia［J］．Curr Osteoporos Rep，2018，16（6）：730-737．DOI：10.1007/s11914-018-0484-2.
［9］JANSSEN I，SHEPARD D S，KATZMARZYK P T，et al．The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States［J］．J Am Geriatr Soc，2004，52（1）：80-85．DOI：10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52014.x.
［10］CRUZ-JENTOFT A J，BAHAT G，BAUER J，et al．Sarcopenia：revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis［J］．Age Ageing，2019，48（4）：601．DOI：10.1093/ageing/afz046.
［11］DENT E，MORLEY J E，CRUZ-JENTOFT A J，et al．International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia （ICFSR）：screening，diagnosis and management［J］．J Nutr Health Aging，2018，22（10）：1148-1161．DOI：10.1007/s12603-018-1139-9.
［12］CRUZ-JENTOFT A J，BAEYENS J P，BAUER J M，et al．Sarcopenia：European consensus on definition and diagnosis：report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People［J］．Age Ageing，2010，39（4）：412-423．DOI：10.1093/ageing/afq034.
［13］FIELDING R A，VELLAS B，EVANS W J，et al．Sarcopenia：an undiagnosed condition in older adults.Current consensus definition：prevalence，etiology，and consequences.International Working Group on Sarcopenia［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2011，12（4）：249-256．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2011.01.003.
［14］CHEN L K，LIU L K，WOO J，et al．Sarcopenia in Asia：consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2014，15（2）：95-101．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025.
［15］STUDENSKI S A，PETERS K W，ALLEY D E，et al．The FNIH sarcopenia project：rationale，study description，conference recommendations，and final estimates［J］．J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci，2014，69（5）：547-558．DOI：10.1093/gerona/glu010.
［16］VISVANATHAN R，CHAPMAN I.Preventing sarcopaenia in older people［J］．Maturitas，2010，66（4）：383-388．DOI：10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.03.020.
［17］MALMSTROM T K，MORLEY J E.SARC-F：a simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2013，14（8）：531-532．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.018.
［18］BAHAT G，YILMAZ O，OREN M M，et al．Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SARC-F to assess sarcopenia：methodological report from European Union Geriatric Medicine Society Sarcopenia Special Interest Group［J］．Eur Geriatr Med，2018，9（1）：23-28．DOI：10.1007/s41999-017-0003-5.
［19］SANCHEZ-RODRIGUEZ D，MARCO E，DAVALOS-YEROVI V，et al．Translation and validation of the Spanish version of the SARC-F questionnaire to assess sarcopenia in older people［J］．J Nutr Health Aging，2019，23（6）：518-524．DOI：10.1007/s12603-019-1204-z.
［20］KERA T，KAWAI H，HIRANO H，et al．SARC-F：a validation study with community-dwelling older Japanese adults［J］．Geriatr Gerontol Int，2019，19（11）：1172-1178．DOI：10.1111/ggi.13768.
［21］BARBOSA-SILVA T G，MENEZES A M，BIELEMANN R M，et al．Enhancing SARC-F：improving sarcopenia screening in the clinical practice［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2016，17（12）：1136-1141．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2016.08.004.
［22］KEMMLER W，SIEBER C，FREIBERGER E，et al．The SARC-F questionnaire：diagnostic overlap with established sarcopenia definitions in older German men with sarcopenia［J］．Gerontology，2017，63（5）：411-416．DOI：10.1159/000477935.
［23］KIM S，KIM M，WON C W.Validation of the Korean version of the SARC-F questionnaire to assess sarcopenia：Korean frailty and aging cohort study［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2018，19（1）：40-45.e1．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2017.07.006.
［24］王晓英.老年肌少症问卷的汉化及运动疗法对肌少症治疗效果的meta分析［D］．石家庄：河北医科大学，2018.
［25］HAJAOUI M，LOCQUET M，BEAUDART C，et al．Sarcopenia：performance of the SARC-F questionnaire according to the European consensus criteria，EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2019，20（9）：1182-1183．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2019.05.021.
［26］李敏，宋瑰琦，王晓玲，等．SARC-F评分对住院老年人肌少症筛查的准确性及预后预测能力评价［J］．中国实用护理杂志，2018，34（11）：832-836．DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.1672-7088.2018.11.007.
LI M，SONG G Q，WANG X L，et al．Validity and prognostic predictive ability of Strength，Assistance with walking，Rise from a chair，Climb stairs and Falls sarcopenia score in the hospitalized elderly［J］．Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing，2018，34（11）：832-836．DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.1672-7088.2018.11.007.
［27］YANG M，JIANG J J，ZENG Y L，et al．Sarcopenia for predicting mortality among elderly nursing home residents：SARC-F versus SARC-CalF［J］．Medicine （Baltimore），2019，98（7）：e14546．DOI：10.1097/MD.0000000000014546.
［28］IDA S，KANEKO R，MURATA K.SARC-F for screening of sarcopenia among older adults：a meta-analysis of screening test accuracy［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2018，19（8）：685-689．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2018.04.001.
［29］CAO L，CHEN S，ZOU C，et al．A pilot study of the SARC-F scale on screening sarcopenia and physical disability in the Chinese older people［J］．J Nutr Health Aging，2014，18（3）：277-283．DOI：10.1007/s12603-013-0410-3.
［30］WOO J，LEUNG J，MORLEY J E.Validating the SARC-F：a suitable community screening tool for sarcopenia?［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2014，15（9）：630-634．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2014.04.021.
［31］ROSSI A P，MICCIOLO R，RUBELE S，et al．Assessing the risk of sarcopenia in the elderly：the mini sarcopenia risk assessment （MSRA） questionnaire［J］．J Nutr Health Aging，2017，21（6）：743-749．DOI：10.1007/s12603-017-0921-4.
［32］YANG M，HU X Y，XIE L L，et al．Validation of the Chinese version of the Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment questionnaire in community-dwelling older adults［J］．Medicine （Baltimore），2018，97（37）：e12426．DOI：10.1097/MD.0000000000012426.
［33］YANG M，LU J，JIANG J J，et al．Comparison of four sarcopenia screening tools in nursing home residents［J］．Aging Clin Exp Res，2019，31（10）：1481-1489．DOI：10.1007/s40520-018-1083-x.
［34］ISHII S，TANAKA T，SHIBASAKI K，et al．Development of a simple screening test for sarcopenia in older adults［J］．Geriatr Gerontol Int，2014，14（Suppl 1）：93-101．DOI：10.1111/ggi.12197.
［35］LOCQUET M，BEAUDART C，REGINSTER J Y，et al．Comparison of the performance of five screening methods for sarcopenia［J］．Clin Epidemiol，2018，10：71-82．DOI：10.2147/CLEP.S148638.
［36］TANG T J，WU L N，YANG L，et al．A sarcopenia screening test predicts mortality in hospitalized older adults［J］．Sci Rep，2018，8（1）：2923．DOI：10.1038/s41598-018-21237-9.
［37］YU S，APPLETON S，CHAPMAN I，et al．An anthropometric prediction equation for appendicular skeletal muscle mass in combination with a measure of muscle function to screen for sarcopenia in primary and aged care［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2015，16（1）：25-30．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2014.06.018.
［38］YU S，APPLETON S，ADAMS R，et al．The impact of low muscle mass definition on the prevalence of sarcopenia in older Australians［J］．Biomed Res Int，2014，2014：361790．DOI：10.1155/2014/361790.
［39］URZI F，SIMUNIC B，BUZAN E.Basis for sarcopenia screening with the SARC-CalF in nursing homes［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2017，18（11）：991.e5-991991.e10．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2017.07.011.
［40］MO Y H，DONG X，WANG X H.Screening accuracy of SARC-F combined with calf circumference for sarcopenia in older adults：a diagnostic meta-analysis［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2020，21（2）：288-289．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2019.09.002.
［41］李海鹏，田鹏，璩航，等．SARC-F量表在快速简易诊断老年人肌肉衰减症研究中的应用［J］．中国体育科技，2018，54（2）：105-110，124．DOI：10.16470/j.csst.201802014.
LI H P，TIAN P，QU H，et al．Progress in utility of SARC-F scale on rapid & simple screening for sarcopenia in elderly people［J］．China Sport Science and Technology，2018，54（2）：105-110，124．DOI：10.16470/j.csst.201802014.
［42］KURITA N，WAKITA T，KAMITANI T，et al．SARC-F validation and SARC-F+EBM derivation in musculoskeletal disease：the SPSS-OK study［J］．J Nutr Health Aging，2019，23（8）：732-738．DOI：10.1007/s12603-019-1222-x.
［43］YANG M，HU X Y，XIE L L，et al．Comparing mini sarcopenia risk assessment with SARC-F for screening sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults［J］．J Am Med Dir Assoc，2019，20（1）：53-57．DOI：10.1016/j.jamda.2018.04.012.
［44］LI M，KONG Y，CHEN H C，et al．Accuracy and prognostic ability of the SARC-F questionnaire and Ishii's score in the screening of sarcopenia in geriatric inpatients［J］．Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Med E Biol，2019，52（9）：e8204．DOI：10.1590/1414-431X20198204.

[1]	CHAI Zhihao, ZHANG Weisen, LUO Jiaoling, ZHU Feng, ZHU Tong, JIN Yali, PAN Jing, LU Yingjun, JIANG Chaoqiang. The Mediation Effect of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood Parental Literacy and Cognitive Function in Middle-aged and Older People: Based on Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(21): 2959-2966.
[2]	LI Wenping, CHEN Jianhua, XU Jiapei, JIN Xue, PAN Zihan, CHI Chunhua. A Scoping Review on the Empowerment of Community Elderly Health Services by Digital-Intelligent Health Management Platforms [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(21): 2938-2949.
[3]	LI Feng, HU Changhao, LUO Xu. Progress in the Study of Influencing Factors and Intervention Strategies of Mental Health in Elderly Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(20): 2816-2828.
[4]	PANG Shu, SUN ying, JIANG Chunyan. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Fried's Frailty Phenotype and the FRAIL Scale in Assessing Pre-frailty among Community-dwelling Older Adults Undergoing Health Examinations [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(19): 2664-2670.
[5]	LI Simin, ZHANG Tingting, WANG Kunbo, YANG Jianzhou, PING Weiwei. Effects of Exercise Dosage on Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia: a Meta-analysis [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(17): 2400-2409.
[6]	CHEN Yan, SHEN Dequan, SHENG Renlei, CHANG Yujie, YANG Jiaqi, DING Jie, SUN Zhifang, WANG Dahui. Influencing Factors and Importance Ranking of the Utilization of Primary-level Traditional Chinese Medicine Preventive and Health Care Services for the Elderly [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(16): 2182-2189.
[7]	YU Shan, CHE Yajie, SUBIYINUER· Maimaiti, GUO Kaiyang, FENG Xingxing, YAN Ping. A Comparative Study on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Subjective Cognitive Decline among Urban and Rural Elderly People in Xinjiang [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(16): 2227-2233.
[8]	YANG Tingting, ZHENG Li, LIANG Daqiang, WU fan, YUAN Xianxian, WEI lai, HU Jin, WANG Junhua, WANG Ziyun. Association between Sleep Fragmentation and Arteriosclerosis among Population Aged 40-65 Years [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(16): 2190-2197.
[9]	LI Jiali, LIU Fan, KE Lixin, LI Huijuan, WANG Haibo, ZHAO Xiaoxiao, ZHAO Xinke, LU Cuncun. Disease Burden of Obesity among Individuals Aged 60 and above Globally and in China from 1990 to 2021: Trend Analysis and Model-based Projection [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(15): 2067-2076.
[10]	JIAO Shuting, ZHAO Yali. A Qualitative Study on the Current Status of Chronic Pruritus Services for the Elderly in Community [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(13): 1682-1687.
[11]	XIANG Tong, HUANG Yafang, WU Hao. Investigation Study on Older People's Willingness to Use Webcast Exercise Guidance: Based on the UTAUT Model and the Perceived Risk Theory [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(13): 1720-1725.
[12]	LI Jing, JI Yan, SUN Liu, WANG Hanting, WU Jidong, LIU June. Summary of Best Evidence on the Management of Hearing Loss in Older Adults in Primary Health Care Settings [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(13): 1713-1719.
[13]	YUAN Weixia, AO Panpan, MA Yun, WU Fengfu, XU Facui, YU Juan, ZENG Qun, WEI Shaofeng, YUAN Lijia. The Predictive Value of Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index for Sarcopenia in Older Adults [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(13): 1673-1681.
[14]	LI Li, XU Tianchao, DONG Xiaomei, HUANG Hongfei, CUI Gang, LI Dongdong, ZHANG Ou, FAN Lin, WANG Qi. The Effect of Kidney Tonifying and Brain Strengthening Acupuncture Combined with Sertraline in the Treatment of Elderly Depression: a Randomized Controlled Trial [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(11): 1399-1404.
[15]	PENG Jun, DING Jinglin, HAO Chenye, WU Cheng, ZHU Ronghui, GU Chunguang, GUAN Wenqi, WAN hui. A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing the Effectiveness of Online and Offline Training on Improving Digital Health Literacy among the Elderly [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(10): 1348-1353.