Abstract: Background　In China，the mortality of cardiovascular disease is high，and its annual incidence is increasing，but the incidence risk can be reduced by effective comprehensive management and prevention interventions.Appropriate cardiovascular health factors and behaviors are closely associated with cardiovascular disease.However，due to sex-，age-，and regional differences in cardiovascular health factors and behaviors，it is urgently needed to develop targeted health management regimens.Objective　To explore sex- and age-specific differences in cardiovascular health factors and behaviors in community-dwelling populations in Ningxia，providing evidence for the development of health education and management programs.Methods　By use of cluster sampling，2 486 community-dwelling residents undergoing physical examination in Ningxia International Travel Healthcare Center were enrolled in March 2016.General data，including sex，age，laboratory parameters，cardiovascular health factors and behaviors，were collected.Comparisons of laboratory parameters and cardiovascular health factors and behaviors were performed by sex and age group.Results　Men showed greater mean age，SBP，DBP and FPG，but lower mean TC，scores，and number for appropriate health factors and behaviors，rates of non-smokers，physical exercisers（P<0.05）.In men，those aged less than 50 years had better mean blood pressure than those of age groups of 55-59，60-64，65-69 and greater than 70 years（P<0.05）.Those aged 50-54 years had better mean blood pressure than those of age groups of 60-64，65-69 and greater than 70 years（P<0.05）.Those aged less than 50 years had better FPG compared with those of other age groups（P<0.05）.But mean BMI，TC，prevalence rates of smoking and healthy diet were similar across all age groups（P>0.05）.In women，those aged less than 50 years had better mean blood pressure compared with those of other age groups（P<0.05）.Those aged 50-54 years had better mean blood pressure than those of age groups of 65-69 and greater than 70 years（P<0.05）.Those aged 55-59 years had better mean blood pressure than those of age groups of 65-69 and greater than 70 years（P<0.05）.Those aged less than 50 years showed better TC compared with those of other age groups（P<0.05）.Those aged less than 50 years demonstrated better mean FPG than those of 60-64 age group（P<0.05）.The rate of physical exercisers was higher in 50-54 age group than that of 60-64 and 65-69 age groups（P<0.05）.Mean BMI，prevalence rates of smoking and healthy diet were similar across all age groups（P>0.05）.The average number of appropriate cardiovascular indices in women was more than that of men （P<0.001）.The prevalence rate of 5-7 appropriate cardiovascular indices in women was also more than that of men （P<0.001）.Conclusion　In community-dwelling populations in Ningxia，cardiovascular health factors and behaviors present sex- and age-specific differences.To improve the overall cardiovascular health level in these people，cardiovascular health interventions should be delivered to men，a target priority group，and also should be delivered to those aged 50-70 years.

Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, Health behavior, Disease management, Ningxia

摘要： 背景　我国心血管疾病死亡率高，发病人数逐年增加，通过有效的综合管理和预防可以有效降低心血管疾病的发病风险，而人群理想心血管健康行为和因素与心血管疾病密切相关，但不同性别、年龄、地区人群心血管健康行为和因素存在差异，迫切需要提供全面的健康管理方案。目的　探讨宁夏社区居民不同性别、年龄理想心血管健康行为和因素的差异，为制定健康教育及健康管理方案提供依据。方法　采用整群抽样方法，选取2016年3月于宁夏国际旅行卫生保健中心体检的社区居民2 486例为研究对象。收集研究对象基本情况，包括性别、年龄、实验室检查指标、心血管健康行为和健康因素。比较不同性别基本情况及各年龄组理想健康行为和健康因素。结果　男性年龄、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、空腹血糖（FPG）水平高于女性，总胆固醇（TC）、理想分数、理想行为和因素个数、理想吸烟比例、理想体育锻炼比例均低于女性（P<0.05）。男性<50岁年龄组血压优于55~59岁年龄组、60~64岁年龄组、65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）；男性50~54岁年龄组血压优于60~64岁年龄组、65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）。男性<50岁年龄组FPG优于50~54岁年龄组、55~59岁年龄组、60~64岁年龄组、65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）。男性各年龄组BMI、TC、吸烟、健康饮食组间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。女性<50岁年龄组血压优于50~54岁年龄组、55~59岁年龄组、60~64岁年龄组、65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）；女性50~54岁年龄组血压优于65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）；女性55~59岁年龄组血压优于65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）。女性<50岁年龄组TC优于50~54岁年龄组、55~59岁年龄组、60~64岁年龄组、65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）。女性<50岁年龄组FPG优于60~64岁年龄组（P<0.05）。女性50~54岁年龄组体育锻炼比例高于60~64岁年龄组和65~69岁年龄组（P<0.05）。女性各年龄组BMI、吸烟、健康饮食组间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。女性平均理想心血管指标个数多于男性（P<0.001）。女性有5~7个理想心血管指标比例高于男性（P<0.001）。结论　宁夏社区居民不同性别、年龄理想心血管健康行为和因素存在差异，男性应作为重点心血管健康管理的目标干预人群，特别要针对50~70岁社区人群制定心血管疾病的健康管理，提高心血管健康水平。

关键词: 心血管疾病, 健康行为, 疾病管理, 宁夏