Abstract:  Maintenance hemodialysis（MH） is the most important form of renal replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease（ESRD）．Despite many improvements in medical technology have been achieved in recent years，the mortality rate of ESRD patients with MH is still high.In this paper，based on the review of domestic and abroad articles published recently in which the prognosis and associated risk factors in uremic patients with MH were studied，we summarized the predictive factors for poor prognosis in such patients，including older age，prevalence of diabetes mellitus，dyslipidemia and disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism，poor hypertension management，and so on.In general，there are many risk factors for poor prognosis of uremic patients，which not only involves the disease itself，but also the treatment and follow-up management.

Key words: Uremia, Renal dialysis, Death, Risk factor, Review

摘要： 维持性血液透析是终末期肾脏病患者最重要的肾脏替代治疗方式，尽管近年来医疗技术不断提高，但维持性血液透析患者的病死率仍较高。本文总结了近年来国内外关于行维持性血液透析的尿毒症患者的预后及其危险因素的相关文献，简述了维持性血液透析患者预后不佳的危险因素，包括年龄、合并糖尿病、血脂异常、血压管理、钙磷代谢异常等多个方面。分析表明，维持性血液透析患者预后不佳的危险因素众多，不仅与疾病本身有关，也与患者的治疗及随访管理有关。

关键词: 淋巴管扩张, 肠, 儿童, 磁共振成像