Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury refers to the process of restoring cerebral blood flow supply after the interruption of cerebral blood flow in brain tissues due to a variety of biological processes such as energy metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, free radical damage, inflammatory response, blood-brain barrier disruption, apoptosis and necrosis, which lead to ischemic brain tissue re-injury. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury not only aggravates nerve cell damage or even death, impedes the recovery of patients' neurological function, but also seriously affects the quality of patients' survival. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment protocols for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have become the focus of current research in the cerebrovascular field. Baicalin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Scutellaria baicalensis, and increasing evidence suggests that baicalin may be effective in preventing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through a variety of pharmacological mechanisms including. This paper summarizes the neuroprotective effects of baicalein in in vivo and in vitro experimental models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and describe the specific neuroprotective mechanisms and pharmacological mechanisms of baicalein in preventing and treating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in a multi-targeted, multi-pathway manner, such as attenuating inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, inhibiting apoptosis and pyroptosis, protecting the blood-brain barrier, maintaining the structure and function of astrocytes, and attenuating neurocellular toxicity.

脑缺血再灌注损伤是指脑血流中断后恢复脑血流供应的过程中，脑组织因能量代谢紊乱、氧化应激、自由基损伤、炎性反应、血-脑脊液屏障破坏、细胞凋亡和坏死等多种生物学过程，导致缺血脑组织再次发生损伤。脑缺血再灌注损伤不仅会加重神经细胞受损甚至死亡，妨碍患者神经功能的恢复，而且严重影响患者生存质量。因此，脑缺血再灌注损伤的有效防治方案已成为目前脑血管领域研究的焦点。黄芩苷是从中药黄芩中提取的类黄酮化合物，越来越多的证据表明黄芩苷可通过多种药理机制有效预防脑缺血再灌注损伤。本文归纳了黄芩苷在体内和体外实验脑缺血再灌注损伤模型中的神经保护作用，阐述了黄芩苷通过减轻炎性反应、抗氧化应激、调节线粒体稳态、抑制细胞凋亡和焦亡、保护血-脑脊液屏障、维持星形胶质细胞结构与功能和减轻神经细胞毒性等多靶点、多途径方式防治脑缺血再灌注损伤的具体神经保护机制及药理机制。