Under the "Healthy China 2030" strategy and the ongoing refinement of hierarchical medical systems, general practice departments in tertiary hospitals play an increasingly vital role in integrated healthcare delivery. However, their functional scope remains incompletely defined. Existing research has predominantly focused on inpatient services, with limited attention given to outpatient care in general practice departments of comprehensive hospitals, and a notable lack of stratified analysis of disease patterns across different demographic groups.

This study aimed to characterize the disease profile of patients attending the general practice outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Beijing, and to explore the clinical and systemic role of such clinics within the integrated healthcare system.

A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on data from patients visiting the Department of General Practice, Fuxing Hospital of Capital Medical University in 2024. Demographic information, visit details, referral sources, and diagnoses were collected and analyzed.

A total of 20 212 outpatient visits were enrolled, including 8 204 male visits (40.59%) and 12 008 female visits (59.41%). The age ranged from 14 to 105 years, with a mean age of (64.1±18.8) years, and 12 245 visits (60.58%) were from patients aged 60 years and above. Among them, 3 168 visits (15.67%) were referred from primary medical and health care institutions, 4 685 visits (23.18%) were initial visits, and 12 359 visits (61.15%) were follow-up visits. The top three diagnoses were hyperlipidemia (5 366 visits, 26.55%), hypertension (5 323 visits, 26.34%), and respiratory tract infection (3 827 visits, 18.93%). The top three unspecified symptoms were constipation (1 265 visits, 6.26%), cough (1 053 visits, 5.21%), and sore throat (720 visits, 3.56%). The system distribution of diagnoses was concentrated, with the top three being circulatory system diseases (13 342 visits, 21.05%), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (11 066 visits, 17.46%), and respiratory system diseases (7 704 visits, 12.15%). A single disease was diagnosed in 5 757 visits (28.48%), and six or more diseases were diagnosed in 2 997 visits (14.83%).

General practice outpatient clinics in tertiary hospitals manage a wide spectrum of health issues, including common acute illnesses, chronic diseases, undiagnosed symptoms, and multimorbidity. Their case mix aligns with national residency training standards and supports the hierarchical medical system by serving as a crucial interface between primary care and specialized services. These clinics also provide a robust platform for clinical education and research, thereby contributing to the advancement of general practice as a discipline.

随着"健康中国2030"战略引领与分级诊疗的不断深入，综合医院全科医学科在整合型医疗卫生服务体系中的关键作用日益凸显，但其诊疗职能与定位仍处于探索阶段。现有研究多聚焦于病房，针对综合医院全科医学科门诊的研究相对不足，且缺乏对不同人群病种分布的差异性分析。

通过分析北京市某三级综合医院全科医学科门诊患者的疾病特征，对综合医院全科医学科门诊的诊疗职能与定位进行探讨。

选取2024年就诊于首都医科大学附属复兴医院全科医学科门诊的患者为研究对象。采用回顾性研究，从统计室统一调取患者的性别、年龄、就诊日期、诊断等信息并进行统计分析。

共纳入门诊患者20 212例次，其中男8 204例次（40.59%），女12 008例次（59.41%）；年龄14~105岁，平均年龄（64.1±18.8）岁，≥60岁患者12 245例次（60.58%）。由基层医疗卫生机构转诊3 168例次（15.67%），初诊4 685例次（23.18%），复诊12 359例次(61.15%)。诊断前3顺位依次为高脂血症5 366例次（26.55%）、高血压5 323例次（26.34%）、呼吸道感染3 827例次（18.93%）；症状待查前3顺位依次为便秘1 265例次（6.26%）、咳嗽1 053例次（5.21%）、咽痛720例次（3.56%）；诊断所属系统分布集中，前3顺位依次为循环系统疾病13 342例次（21.05%）、内分泌与营养代谢疾病11 066例次（17.46%）、呼吸系统疾病7 704例次（12.15%）。5 757例次（28.48%）诊断1种疾病，2 997例次（14.83%）诊断≥6种疾病。

三级综合医院全科医学科门诊的诊疗范围涵盖常见病、慢性病、症状待查及多病共存等多种健康问题，其病例病种符合住院医师规范化培训标准，且在分级诊疗体系中承担关键职能。综合医院全科医学科门诊能够发挥其在疾病诊疗与教学方面的核心作用，其丰富的病例资源也为后续科研工作的深入开展奠定了基础，从而进一步推动全科医学学科的持续发展。