Reduced fertility intention is an important prerequisite for fertility decline, and exploring its influencing factors is of great significance in promoting the long-term balanced development of the population, whereas most of the existing researches are confined to quantitative analysis and lacks exploration at the subjective level.

Under the backdrop of the three-child policy, to explore the influencing factors of the three-child fertility intentions of women of childbearing age and the underlying reasons for their unwillingness to have children, in order to provide a basis for improving the supporting measures for the fertility policy.

A mixed study method was used. From January to May 2024, the childbearing-age women in urban and rural areas in the south (Chizhou City and Ma'anshan City), central (Hefei City and Lu'an City), and north (Fuyang City and Bozhou City) of Anhui Province were selected by convenience sampling method and surveyed with a questionnaire (including personal, family economic, social, and marital factors). Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the childbearing-age women's intentions to have a third child. During the same period, the phenomenological research method was used to purposively and heterogeneously extract the childbearing-age women who were unwilling to have a third child in the quantitative study for semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi's seven-step analysis was used to refine the interview themes.

A total of 2 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 2 234 valid questionnaires were finally collected, with a valid recovery rate of 93.1%. 186 (8.3%) of the 2 234 childbearing-age womenintended to have a third child. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of housing pressure (mild stress: OR=0.651, 95%CI=0.442-0.959; moderate stress: OR=0.473, 95%CI=0.303-0.740), the spouse's attitude towards having a third child (unsupportive: OR=0.594, 95%CI=0.375-0.941; indifferent: OR=0.465, 95%CI=0.299-0.723), the spouse's sharing of household chores (moderate sharing: OR=0.371, 95%CI=0.239-0.577; occasional sharing: OR=0.534, 95%CI=0.354-0.805), the place of residence (town: OR=0.578, 95%CI=0.384-0.871), and the number of children (one: OR=0.554, 95%CI=0.328-0.934) were the influencing factors of the intention of childbearing-age women to have a third child (P<0.05). A total of 22 childbearing-age women were finally interviewed, and four themes of deep-seated reasons for childbearing-age women's unwillingness to have a third child were distilled: the high cost of childbearing, the weak support within the family, the difficulty in balancing work and family, and imperfect supporting measures for childbearing policies.

The intention of childbearing-age women to have a third child is less than 10% in Anhui Province, with the degree of housing pressure, the spouse's attitude towards having a third child, the spouse's sharing of household chores, the place of residence, and the number of children being the main factors influencing the childbearing-age women's intention to have a third child. The high cost of childbearing, the weak support within the family, the difficulty in balancing work and family, and imperfect supporting measures for childbearing policies are the deep-rooted reasons why childbearing-age women are unwilling to have a third child. It is recommended that the fertility support policy be further improved to enhance the fertility enthusiasm of the childbearing-age group, to effectively solve the problem of low fertility rate.

生育意愿降低是生育率下降的重要因素，探究其影响因素对促进人口长期均衡发展具有重要意义，而现有研究多局限于定量分析，缺乏主观层面的探索。

在三孩政策背景下，探讨育龄女性三孩生育意愿的影响因素及其不愿意生育的深层原因，为完善生育政策配套支持措施提供依据。

采用混合方法研究。于2024年1—5月，采用便利抽样法，选取安徽省南部（池州市、马鞍山市）、中部（合肥市、六安市）、北部（阜阳市、亳州市）城市与农村的育龄女性为研究对象，采用调查问卷（内容包括个人、家庭经济、社会及婚育因素）对其进行调查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究影响育龄女性三孩生育意愿的因素。同期，采用现象学研究法，目的性、异质性抽取定量研究中不愿意生育三孩的育龄女性进行半结构式访谈。采用Colaizzi七步分析法提炼访谈主题。

共发放问卷2 400份，最终回收有效问卷2 234份，有效回收率为93.1%。2 234名育龄女性中有三孩生育意愿者186名（8.3%）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，住房压力程度（轻度压力：OR=0.651，95%CI=0.442~0.959；中度压力：OR=0.473，95%CI=0.303~0.740）、配偶对生育三孩的态度（不支持：OR=0.594，95%CI=0.375~0.941；无所谓：OR=0.465，95%CI=0.299~0.723）、配偶分担家务情况（中等分担：OR=0.371，95%CI=0.239~0.577；偶尔分担：OR=0.534，95%CI=0.354~0.805）、居住地（城镇：OR=0.578，95%CI=0.384~0.871）、子女个数（1个：OR=0.554，95%CI=0.328~0.934）是育龄女性三孩生育意愿的影响因素（P<0.05）。最终共访谈22名育龄女性，共提炼出育龄女性不愿意生育三孩深层原因的4个主题：生育成本过高、家庭内部支持力量薄弱、工作与家庭难以兼顾、生育政策配套措施不完善。

安徽省育龄女性的三孩生育意愿率低于10%，其中住房压力程度、配偶对生育三孩的态度、配偶分担家务情况、居住地、子女个数是育龄女性三孩生育意愿的主要影响因素。生育成本过高、家庭内部支持力量薄弱、工作与家庭难以兼顾、生育政策配套措施不完善是育龄女性不愿意生育三孩的深层原因。建议进一步完善生育支持政策，提高育龄人群的生育积极性，从而有效破解低生育率难题。