High-altitude areas are characterized by hypothermia, low humidity, hypobaric and hypoxia, which may trigger a series of physiological responses that significantly affect lung health. This article made a comprehensive summary of the impact of unique environment in high-altitude areas on acute and chronic non-infectious lung diseases. And these factors of the morbidity, pathogenesis, clinical data and prognosis were analyzed. The environmental conditions of high-altitude areas affected acute diseases, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and pulmonary embolism (PE), as well as chronic diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPHD), asthma, high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and lung cancer. A comparative analysis of the influencing factors between high-altitude and low-altitude areas was conducted, aiming to review the mechanisms of lung tissue damage in high-altitude environments and to analyze its relationship with different non-infectious pulmonary diseases. It aimed to provide targeted guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of non-infectious pulmonary diseases in high-altitude areas.

高海拔地区具有低温、低湿、低压和低氧等特征，这些特征可引发一系列生理反应，显著影响肺部健康。本文全面总结了高海拔地区特殊环境对急、慢性肺部非感染性疾病的影响，分析了发病率、发病机制、临床指标及预后等因素。高海拔地区环境对急性疾病，如高原肺水肿（HAPE）和肺栓塞（PE），以及对其他慢性疾病如慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、慢性肺源性心脏病（CPHD）、哮喘、高原性肺动脉高压（HAPH）、肺纤维化（PF）、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）和肺癌等疾病的影响，并与低海拔地区进行影响因素对比分析，旨在综述高海拔地区环境对肺组织损伤的机制，并分析其与各种肺部非感染性疾病的关系，以期为高海拔地区患者的肺部非感染性疾病的诊断和治疗提供针对性指导。