Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (03): 365-371.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0008
Special Issue: 高血压最新文章合辑; 家庭医生签约最新文章合辑
• Precision Medication • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2024-01-27
Revised:
2024-03-24
Published:
2025-01-20
Online:
2024-10-28
Contact:
SHEN Xingrong
通讯作者:
沈兴蓉
作者简介:
作者贡献:
马晓燕负责文章的构思与设计、统计分析及论文初稿撰写;崔恩慈、薛群负责数据收集与整理;刘荣、张学武、王浅负责研究过程的实施;王德斌负责质量控制与审校;沈兴蓉负责论文修改、监督管理、最终版本修订,对文章整体负责。
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0008
分类 | 具体药物 |
---|---|
A类 | |
ACEI | 福辛普利、卡托普利、依那普利、贝那普利、培哚普利、阿拉普利、佐芬普利 |
ARB | 缬沙坦、坎地沙坦、厄贝沙坦、替米沙坦、奥美沙坦 |
B类 | |
β受体阻滞剂 | 美托洛尔 |
C类 | |
CCB | 硝苯地平、氨氯地平、非洛地平、尼莫地平、尼群地平、西尼地平 |
D类 | |
利尿剂 | 氢氯噻嗪、吲达帕胺、螺内酯片 |
E类 | |
单片复方制剂 | 复方利血平、复方利血平氨苯蝶啶(北京0号降压药)、复方罗布麻、珍菊降压片 |
Table 1 Classification of antihypertensive drugs taken by patients
分类 | 具体药物 |
---|---|
A类 | |
ACEI | 福辛普利、卡托普利、依那普利、贝那普利、培哚普利、阿拉普利、佐芬普利 |
ARB | 缬沙坦、坎地沙坦、厄贝沙坦、替米沙坦、奥美沙坦 |
B类 | |
β受体阻滞剂 | 美托洛尔 |
C类 | |
CCB | 硝苯地平、氨氯地平、非洛地平、尼莫地平、尼群地平、西尼地平 |
D类 | |
利尿剂 | 氢氯噻嗪、吲达帕胺、螺内酯片 |
E类 | |
单片复方制剂 | 复方利血平、复方利血平氨苯蝶啶(北京0号降压药)、复方罗布麻、珍菊降压片 |
患者特征 | 总样本(n=3 005) | 目前服用降压药 | 联合用药 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
否(n=629) | 是(n=2 376) | 检验统计量值 | P值 | 否(n=1 797) | 是(n=1 208) | 检验统计量值 | P值 | ||
年龄(岁) | 65.5±9.8 | 63.6±10.2 | 66.0±9.7 | 5.623a | <0.001 | 64.9±10.1 | 66.4±9.4 | 4.031a | <0.001 |
服药年数(年) | 9.6±8.8 | 7.4±5.7 | 10.2±9.3 | 7.162a | <0.001 | 8.9±8.3 | 10.6±9.4 | 5.187a | <0.001 |
年收缩压均值(mmHg) | 143±19 | 139±19 | 144±20 | 5.365a | <0.001 | 142±19 | 143±20 | 1.863a | 0.063 |
年舒张压均值(mmHg) | 82±12 | 81±12 | 82±12 | 2.888a | 0.004 | 82±12 | 82±12 | -0.968a | 0.333 |
性别[例(%)] | 0.376 | 0.556 | 0.681 | 0.430 | |||||
男 | 1 291(43.0) | 277(44.0) | 1 014(42.7) | 783(43.6) | 508(42.1) | ||||
女 | 1 714(57.0) | 352(56.0) | 1 362(57.3) | 1 014(56.4) | 700(57.9) | ||||
初中以上文化程度[例(%)] | 801(26.7) | 190(30.2) | 611(25.7) | 5.131 | 0.026 | 524(29.2) | 277(22.9) | 14.338 | <0.001 |
合并症[例(%)] | |||||||||
糖尿病 | 870(29.0) | 143(22.7) | 727(30.6) | 14.949 | <0.001 | 501(27.9) | 369(30.5) | 2.497 | 0.119 |
高脂血症 | 934(31.1) | 153(24.3) | 781(32.9) | 16.957 | <0.001 | 558(31.1) | 376(31.1) | 0.002 | 0.968 |
心血管疾病 | 1 119(37.2) | 195(31.0) | 924(38.9) | 13.238 | <0.001 | 656(36.5) | 463(38.3) | 1.027 | 0.317 |
脑血管疾病 | 825(27.5) | 113(18.0) | 712(30.0) | 35.966 | <0.001 | 499(27.8) | 326(27.0) | 0.222 | 0.647 |
肾脏疾病 | 512(17.0) | 105(16.7) | 407(17.1) | 0.067 | 0.858 | 307(17.1) | 205(17.0) | 0.007 | 0.961 |
年收缩压分层[例(%)] | 25.369b | <0.001 | 6.784b | 0.079 | |||||
<120 mmHg | 379(12.6) | 104(16.5) | 275(11.6) | 224(12.5) | 155(12.8) | ||||
120~139 mmHg | 990(32.9) | 232(36.9) | 758(31.9) | 615(34.2) | 375(31.0) | ||||
140~160 mmHg | 1 134(37.7) | 216(34.3) | 918(38.6) | 681(37.9) | 453(37.5) | ||||
>160 mmHg | 502(16.7) | 77(12.2) | 425(17.9) | 277(15.4) | 225(18.6) | ||||
年舒张压分层[例(%)] | 3.785b | 0.151 | 2.342b | 0.310 | |||||
<90 mmHg | 2 336(77.7) | 507(80.6) | 1 829(77.0) | 1 380(76.8) | 956(79.1) | ||||
90~100 mmHg | 497(16.5) | 91(14.5) | 406(17.1) | 311(17.3) | 186(15.4) | ||||
>100 mmHg | 172(5.7) | 31(4.9) | 141(5.9) | 106(5.9) | 66(5.5) |
Table 2 General condition and medication characteristics of the patients
患者特征 | 总样本(n=3 005) | 目前服用降压药 | 联合用药 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
否(n=629) | 是(n=2 376) | 检验统计量值 | P值 | 否(n=1 797) | 是(n=1 208) | 检验统计量值 | P值 | ||
年龄(岁) | 65.5±9.8 | 63.6±10.2 | 66.0±9.7 | 5.623a | <0.001 | 64.9±10.1 | 66.4±9.4 | 4.031a | <0.001 |
服药年数(年) | 9.6±8.8 | 7.4±5.7 | 10.2±9.3 | 7.162a | <0.001 | 8.9±8.3 | 10.6±9.4 | 5.187a | <0.001 |
年收缩压均值(mmHg) | 143±19 | 139±19 | 144±20 | 5.365a | <0.001 | 142±19 | 143±20 | 1.863a | 0.063 |
年舒张压均值(mmHg) | 82±12 | 81±12 | 82±12 | 2.888a | 0.004 | 82±12 | 82±12 | -0.968a | 0.333 |
性别[例(%)] | 0.376 | 0.556 | 0.681 | 0.430 | |||||
男 | 1 291(43.0) | 277(44.0) | 1 014(42.7) | 783(43.6) | 508(42.1) | ||||
女 | 1 714(57.0) | 352(56.0) | 1 362(57.3) | 1 014(56.4) | 700(57.9) | ||||
初中以上文化程度[例(%)] | 801(26.7) | 190(30.2) | 611(25.7) | 5.131 | 0.026 | 524(29.2) | 277(22.9) | 14.338 | <0.001 |
合并症[例(%)] | |||||||||
糖尿病 | 870(29.0) | 143(22.7) | 727(30.6) | 14.949 | <0.001 | 501(27.9) | 369(30.5) | 2.497 | 0.119 |
高脂血症 | 934(31.1) | 153(24.3) | 781(32.9) | 16.957 | <0.001 | 558(31.1) | 376(31.1) | 0.002 | 0.968 |
心血管疾病 | 1 119(37.2) | 195(31.0) | 924(38.9) | 13.238 | <0.001 | 656(36.5) | 463(38.3) | 1.027 | 0.317 |
脑血管疾病 | 825(27.5) | 113(18.0) | 712(30.0) | 35.966 | <0.001 | 499(27.8) | 326(27.0) | 0.222 | 0.647 |
肾脏疾病 | 512(17.0) | 105(16.7) | 407(17.1) | 0.067 | 0.858 | 307(17.1) | 205(17.0) | 0.007 | 0.961 |
年收缩压分层[例(%)] | 25.369b | <0.001 | 6.784b | 0.079 | |||||
<120 mmHg | 379(12.6) | 104(16.5) | 275(11.6) | 224(12.5) | 155(12.8) | ||||
120~139 mmHg | 990(32.9) | 232(36.9) | 758(31.9) | 615(34.2) | 375(31.0) | ||||
140~160 mmHg | 1 134(37.7) | 216(34.3) | 918(38.6) | 681(37.9) | 453(37.5) | ||||
>160 mmHg | 502(16.7) | 77(12.2) | 425(17.9) | 277(15.4) | 225(18.6) | ||||
年舒张压分层[例(%)] | 3.785b | 0.151 | 2.342b | 0.310 | |||||
<90 mmHg | 2 336(77.7) | 507(80.6) | 1 829(77.0) | 1 380(76.8) | 956(79.1) | ||||
90~100 mmHg | 497(16.5) | 91(14.5) | 406(17.1) | 311(17.3) | 186(15.4) | ||||
>100 mmHg | 172(5.7) | 31(4.9) | 141(5.9) | 106(5.9) | 66(5.5) |
特征类别 | 定义 |
---|---|
特征1 | 收缩压<160 mmHg且舒张压<100 mmHg且未患合并症 |
特征2 | 收缩压<160 mmHg且舒张压<100 mmHg且患合并症 |
特征3 | 收缩压<160 mmHg且舒张压≥100 mmHg且未患合并症 |
特征4 | 收缩压<160 mmHg且舒张压≥100 mmHg且患合并症 |
特征5 | 收缩压≥160 mmHg且舒张压<100 mmHg且未患合并症 |
特征6 | 收缩压≥160 mmHg且舒张压<100 mmHg且患合并症 |
特征7 | 收缩压≥160 mmHg且舒张压≥100 mmHg且未患合并症 |
特征8 | 收缩压≥160 mmHg且舒张压≥100 mmHg且患合并症 |
Table 3 Definition of patient characteristics
特征类别 | 定义 |
---|---|
特征1 | 收缩压<160 mmHg且舒张压<100 mmHg且未患合并症 |
特征2 | 收缩压<160 mmHg且舒张压<100 mmHg且患合并症 |
特征3 | 收缩压<160 mmHg且舒张压≥100 mmHg且未患合并症 |
特征4 | 收缩压<160 mmHg且舒张压≥100 mmHg且患合并症 |
特征5 | 收缩压≥160 mmHg且舒张压<100 mmHg且未患合并症 |
特征6 | 收缩压≥160 mmHg且舒张压<100 mmHg且患合并症 |
特征7 | 收缩压≥160 mmHg且舒张压≥100 mmHg且未患合并症 |
特征8 | 收缩压≥160 mmHg且舒张压≥100 mmHg且患合并症 |
自变量 | B | SE | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR(95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | -0.020 | 0.005 | 14.804 | <0.001 | 0.980(0.971~0.990) |
服药年数 | 0.041 | 0.005 | 59.944 | <0.001 | 1.042(1.031~1.053) |
年收缩压均值 | 0.011 | 0.006 | 3.152 | 0.076 | 1.011(0.999~1.023) |
年舒张压均值 | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.121 | 0.728 | 1.002(0.990~1.015) |
性别(以男性为参照) | |||||
女性 | -0.005 | 0.099 | 0.002 | 0.962 | 0.995(0.820~1.207) |
初中以上文化程度(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | 0.398 | 0.112 | 12.639 | <0.001 | 1.488(1.195~1.853) |
合并糖尿病(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | -0.132 | 0.096 | 1.883 | 0.170 | 0.876(0.726~1.058) |
合并高脂血症(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | 0.237 | 0.095 | 6.238 | 0.013 | 1.267(1.052~1.525) |
合并心血管疾病(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | 0.332 | 0.091 | 13.314 | <0.001 | 1.394(1.166~1.667) |
合并脑血管疾病(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | 0.230 | 0.097 | 5.587 | 0.018 | 1.258(1.040~1.522) |
合并肾脏疾病(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | 0.143 | 0.114 | 1.575 | 0.209 | 1.153(0.923~1.441) |
收缩压分层(以<120 mmHg为参照) | |||||
120~139 mmHg | 0.073 | 0.181 | 0.162 | 0.688 | 1.076(0.754~1.535) |
140~160 mmHg | 0.011 | 0.250 | 0.002 | 0.966 | 1.011(0.619~1.649) |
>160 mmHg | -0.244 | 0.378 | 0.417 | 0.518 | 0.783(0.374~1.643) |
舒张压分层(以<90 mmHg为参照) | |||||
90~100 mmHg | 0.025 | 0.161 | 0.023 | 0.879 | 1.025(0.748~1.405) |
>100 mmHg | -0.094 | 0.253 | 0.139 | 0.709 | 0.910(0.554~1.495) |
常量 | -1.470 | 0.842 | 3.049 | 0.081 | 0.230 |
Table 4 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing patients' adjusted medication
自变量 | B | SE | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR(95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | -0.020 | 0.005 | 14.804 | <0.001 | 0.980(0.971~0.990) |
服药年数 | 0.041 | 0.005 | 59.944 | <0.001 | 1.042(1.031~1.053) |
年收缩压均值 | 0.011 | 0.006 | 3.152 | 0.076 | 1.011(0.999~1.023) |
年舒张压均值 | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.121 | 0.728 | 1.002(0.990~1.015) |
性别(以男性为参照) | |||||
女性 | -0.005 | 0.099 | 0.002 | 0.962 | 0.995(0.820~1.207) |
初中以上文化程度(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | 0.398 | 0.112 | 12.639 | <0.001 | 1.488(1.195~1.853) |
合并糖尿病(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | -0.132 | 0.096 | 1.883 | 0.170 | 0.876(0.726~1.058) |
合并高脂血症(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | 0.237 | 0.095 | 6.238 | 0.013 | 1.267(1.052~1.525) |
合并心血管疾病(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | 0.332 | 0.091 | 13.314 | <0.001 | 1.394(1.166~1.667) |
合并脑血管疾病(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | 0.230 | 0.097 | 5.587 | 0.018 | 1.258(1.040~1.522) |
合并肾脏疾病(以否为参照) | |||||
是 | 0.143 | 0.114 | 1.575 | 0.209 | 1.153(0.923~1.441) |
收缩压分层(以<120 mmHg为参照) | |||||
120~139 mmHg | 0.073 | 0.181 | 0.162 | 0.688 | 1.076(0.754~1.535) |
140~160 mmHg | 0.011 | 0.250 | 0.002 | 0.966 | 1.011(0.619~1.649) |
>160 mmHg | -0.244 | 0.378 | 0.417 | 0.518 | 0.783(0.374~1.643) |
舒张压分层(以<90 mmHg为参照) | |||||
90~100 mmHg | 0.025 | 0.161 | 0.023 | 0.879 | 1.025(0.748~1.405) |
>100 mmHg | -0.094 | 0.253 | 0.139 | 0.709 | 0.910(0.554~1.495) |
常量 | -1.470 | 0.842 | 3.049 | 0.081 | 0.230 |
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