
Chinese General Practice ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (26): 3240-3248.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0920
• Original Research • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2024-03-10
Revised:2024-04-10
Published:2024-09-15
Online:2024-06-14
Contact:
FAN Xiaonong
通讯作者:
樊小农
作者简介:作者贡献:
李宋姣、常颖慧、樊小农、李礼、杜宇征、刘健、沈燕负责研究设计;雷康辰、黄泓文负责调查问卷制作;李宋姣、雷康辰、黄泓文、宋佳丽、常颖慧、边丽娜、孟丽娜、宋倩、高莹、麻聪聪负责研究实施;李宋姣、雷康辰、宋佳丽、蔡欣儒负责数据收集;李宋姣负责数据统计分析、结果呈现、论文撰写;樊小农负责研究质量控制、论文写作指导、文章质量控制及审校,并对文章整体负责;葛文逸、刘巍、李仪丙、贾鸿博、雷康辰负责论文修改。
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| 一般资料 | 长新冠(n=585) | 非长新冠(n=316) | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别 | 21.650 | <0.001 | ||
| 男 | 138(23.59) | 121(38.29) | ||
| 女 | 447(76.41) | 195(61.71) | ||
| 年龄(岁) | 4.092 | 0.252 | ||
| ≤17 | 9(1.54) | 6(1.90) | ||
| 18~45 | 324(55.38) | 186(58.86) | ||
| 46~69 | 219(37.44) | 115(36.39) | ||
| ≥70 | 33(5.64) | 9(2.85) | ||
| 基础病 | ||||
| 患有高血压 | 0.645 | 0.422 | ||
| 是 | 81(13.85) | 50(15.82) | ||
| 否 | 504(86.15) | 266(84.18) | ||
| 患有糖尿病 | 0.084 | 0.772 | ||
| 是 | 36(6.15) | 21(6.65) | ||
| 否 | 549(93.85) | 295(93.35) | ||
| 患有免疫系统疾病 | 5.510 | 0.019 | ||
| 是 | 27(4.62) | 5(1.58) | ||
| 否 | 558(95.38) | 311(98.42) | ||
| 患有肿瘤 | 8.567 | 0.003 | ||
| 是 | 27(4.62) | 3(0.95) | ||
| 否 | 558(95.38) | 313(99.05) | ||
| 患有慢性心源性疾病 | 0.108 | 0.742 | ||
| 是 | 25(4.27) | 15(4.75) | ||
| 否 | 560(95.73) | 301(95.25) | ||
| 患有慢性呼吸系统疾病 | 3.483 | 0.062 | ||
| 是 | 25(4.27) | 6(1.90) | ||
| 否 | 560(95.73) | 310(98.10) | ||
| 患有慢性肾源性疾病 | 4.360 | 0.037 | ||
| 是 | 8(1.37) | 0 | ||
| 否 | 577(98.63) | 316(100.00) | ||
| 职业 | ||||
| 医疗机构工作人员 | 1.449 | 0.229 | ||
| 是 | 161(27.52) | 99(31.33) | ||
| 否 | 424(72.48) | 217(68.67) | ||
| 退休人员 | 8.837 | 0.003 | ||
| 是 | 138(23.59) | 48(15.19) | ||
| 否 | 447(76.41) | 268(84.81) | ||
| 国家机关、党群组织、企业事业单位从业者 | 0.266 | 0.606 | ||
| 是 | 87(14.87) | 43(13.61) | ||
| 否 | 498(85.13) | 273(86.39) | ||
| 学生 | 5.732 | 0.017 | ||
| 是 | 41(7.01) | 37(11.71) | ||
| 否 | 544(92.99) | 279(88.29) | ||
| 服务行业 | 0.442 | 0.506 | ||
| 是 | 46(7.86) | 21(6.65) | ||
| 否 | 539(92.14) | 295(93.35) | ||
| 重体力劳动者(工厂职工、建筑工人) | 1.637 | 0.201 | ||
| 是 | 15(2.56) | 13(4.11) | ||
| 否 | 570(97.44) | 303(95.89) | ||
| 基层工作人员(社区工作者、警察) | 1.509 | 0.219 | ||
| 是 | 3(0.51) | 4(1.27) | ||
| 否 | 582(99.49) | 312(98.73) | ||
| 其他(交通运输等) | 0.001 | 0.978 | ||
| 是 | 94(16.07) | 51(16.14) | ||
| 否 | 491(83.93) | 265(83.86) | ||
Table 1 Comparison of general data between patients with long COVID and non-long COVID
| 一般资料 | 长新冠(n=585) | 非长新冠(n=316) | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别 | 21.650 | <0.001 | ||
| 男 | 138(23.59) | 121(38.29) | ||
| 女 | 447(76.41) | 195(61.71) | ||
| 年龄(岁) | 4.092 | 0.252 | ||
| ≤17 | 9(1.54) | 6(1.90) | ||
| 18~45 | 324(55.38) | 186(58.86) | ||
| 46~69 | 219(37.44) | 115(36.39) | ||
| ≥70 | 33(5.64) | 9(2.85) | ||
| 基础病 | ||||
| 患有高血压 | 0.645 | 0.422 | ||
| 是 | 81(13.85) | 50(15.82) | ||
| 否 | 504(86.15) | 266(84.18) | ||
| 患有糖尿病 | 0.084 | 0.772 | ||
| 是 | 36(6.15) | 21(6.65) | ||
| 否 | 549(93.85) | 295(93.35) | ||
| 患有免疫系统疾病 | 5.510 | 0.019 | ||
| 是 | 27(4.62) | 5(1.58) | ||
| 否 | 558(95.38) | 311(98.42) | ||
| 患有肿瘤 | 8.567 | 0.003 | ||
| 是 | 27(4.62) | 3(0.95) | ||
| 否 | 558(95.38) | 313(99.05) | ||
| 患有慢性心源性疾病 | 0.108 | 0.742 | ||
| 是 | 25(4.27) | 15(4.75) | ||
| 否 | 560(95.73) | 301(95.25) | ||
| 患有慢性呼吸系统疾病 | 3.483 | 0.062 | ||
| 是 | 25(4.27) | 6(1.90) | ||
| 否 | 560(95.73) | 310(98.10) | ||
| 患有慢性肾源性疾病 | 4.360 | 0.037 | ||
| 是 | 8(1.37) | 0 | ||
| 否 | 577(98.63) | 316(100.00) | ||
| 职业 | ||||
| 医疗机构工作人员 | 1.449 | 0.229 | ||
| 是 | 161(27.52) | 99(31.33) | ||
| 否 | 424(72.48) | 217(68.67) | ||
| 退休人员 | 8.837 | 0.003 | ||
| 是 | 138(23.59) | 48(15.19) | ||
| 否 | 447(76.41) | 268(84.81) | ||
| 国家机关、党群组织、企业事业单位从业者 | 0.266 | 0.606 | ||
| 是 | 87(14.87) | 43(13.61) | ||
| 否 | 498(85.13) | 273(86.39) | ||
| 学生 | 5.732 | 0.017 | ||
| 是 | 41(7.01) | 37(11.71) | ||
| 否 | 544(92.99) | 279(88.29) | ||
| 服务行业 | 0.442 | 0.506 | ||
| 是 | 46(7.86) | 21(6.65) | ||
| 否 | 539(92.14) | 295(93.35) | ||
| 重体力劳动者(工厂职工、建筑工人) | 1.637 | 0.201 | ||
| 是 | 15(2.56) | 13(4.11) | ||
| 否 | 570(97.44) | 303(95.89) | ||
| 基层工作人员(社区工作者、警察) | 1.509 | 0.219 | ||
| 是 | 3(0.51) | 4(1.27) | ||
| 否 | 582(99.49) | 312(98.73) | ||
| 其他(交通运输等) | 0.001 | 0.978 | ||
| 是 | 94(16.07) | 51(16.14) | ||
| 否 | 491(83.93) | 265(83.86) | ||
| 影响因素 | B | SE | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR值 | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别(以男性为参照) | ||||||
| 女性 | 0.693 | 0.154 | 20.114 | <0.001 | 2.000 | 1.477~2.705 |
| 慢性肾源性疾病(以否为参照) | ||||||
| 是 | 20.289 | 13 847.549 | <0.001 | 1.000 | 647 438 869.898 | 0a |
| 免疫系统疾病(以否为参照) | ||||||
| 是 | 0.923 | 0.500 | 3.402 | 0.065 | 2.517 | 0.944~6.710 |
| 肿瘤(以否为参照) | ||||||
| 是 | 1.487 | 0.618 | 5.782 | 0.016 | 4.424 | 1.316~14.868 |
| 退休人员(以否为参照) | ||||||
| 是 | 0.423 | 0.192 | 4.859 | 0.028 | 1.527 | 1.048~2.224 |
| 学生(以否为参照) | ||||||
| 是 | -0.440 | 0.246 | 3.197 | 0.074 | 0.644 | 0.398~1.043 |
Table 2 Binary Logistic regression analysis on the influencing factors for long COVID
| 影响因素 | B | SE | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR值 | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别(以男性为参照) | ||||||
| 女性 | 0.693 | 0.154 | 20.114 | <0.001 | 2.000 | 1.477~2.705 |
| 慢性肾源性疾病(以否为参照) | ||||||
| 是 | 20.289 | 13 847.549 | <0.001 | 1.000 | 647 438 869.898 | 0a |
| 免疫系统疾病(以否为参照) | ||||||
| 是 | 0.923 | 0.500 | 3.402 | 0.065 | 2.517 | 0.944~6.710 |
| 肿瘤(以否为参照) | ||||||
| 是 | 1.487 | 0.618 | 5.782 | 0.016 | 4.424 | 1.316~14.868 |
| 退休人员(以否为参照) | ||||||
| 是 | 0.423 | 0.192 | 4.859 | 0.028 | 1.527 | 1.048~2.224 |
| 学生(以否为参照) | ||||||
| 是 | -0.440 | 0.246 | 3.197 | 0.074 | 0.644 | 0.398~1.043 |
| 症状和体征 | 新冠感染人数 | 自愈难度c(恢复期人数/急性期人数) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 急性期a(n=901) | 恢复期(长新冠)b(n=585) | ||||||
| 人数 | 排名 | 人数 | 排名 | 所占比例(%) | 排名 | ||
| 神经 | 记忆力理解力注意力降低 | 512 | 9 | 274 | 2 | 53.52 | 2 |
| 嗅觉味觉减退或丧失 | 461 | 11 | 62 | 14 | 13.45 | 15 | |
| 精神 | 失眠 | 434 | 12 | 217 | 3 | 50.00 | 3 |
| 情绪低落、焦虑、烦躁 | 433 | 13 | 197 | 6 | 45.50 | 5 | |
| 心血管 | 心慌、心悸 | 487 | 10 | 207 | 4 | 42.51 | 7 |
| 呼吸 | 咳嗽 | 739 | 3 | 158 | 7 | 21.38 | 11 |
| 呼吸急促困难 | 317 | 14 | 81 | 11 | 25.55 | 10 | |
| 鼻塞 | 552 | 7 | 73 | 13 | 13.22 | 16 | |
| 咽痛 | 609 | 5 | 57 | 15 | 9.36 | 17 | |
| 胃肠道 | 腹泻、腹痛 | 246 | 15 | 42 | 17 | 17.07 | 13 |
| 呕吐 | 183 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 9.29 | 18 | |
| 皮肤 | 脱发 | 210 | 16 | 123 | 8 | 58.57 | 1 |
| 皮疹 | 121 | 19 | 50 | 16 | 41.32 | 8 | |
| 肌肉骨骼肌 | 腰背痛 | 617 | 4 | 201 | 5 | 32.58 | 9 |
| 四肢肌痛 | 558 | 6 | 101 | 9 | 18.10 | 12 | |
| 头痛 | 551 | 8 | 82 | 10 | 14.88 | 14 | |
| 其他 | 发热 | 778 | 1 | 19 | 19 | 1.41 | 19 |
| 疲劳 | 767 | 2 | 341 | 1 | 44.46 | 6 | |
| 月经不调 | 163 | 18 | 75 | 12 | 46.01 | 4 | |
Table 3 Rankings of new symptoms and signs in the acute and convalescent stages of COVID-19 and the difficulty of self-healing
| 症状和体征 | 新冠感染人数 | 自愈难度c(恢复期人数/急性期人数) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 急性期a(n=901) | 恢复期(长新冠)b(n=585) | ||||||
| 人数 | 排名 | 人数 | 排名 | 所占比例(%) | 排名 | ||
| 神经 | 记忆力理解力注意力降低 | 512 | 9 | 274 | 2 | 53.52 | 2 |
| 嗅觉味觉减退或丧失 | 461 | 11 | 62 | 14 | 13.45 | 15 | |
| 精神 | 失眠 | 434 | 12 | 217 | 3 | 50.00 | 3 |
| 情绪低落、焦虑、烦躁 | 433 | 13 | 197 | 6 | 45.50 | 5 | |
| 心血管 | 心慌、心悸 | 487 | 10 | 207 | 4 | 42.51 | 7 |
| 呼吸 | 咳嗽 | 739 | 3 | 158 | 7 | 21.38 | 11 |
| 呼吸急促困难 | 317 | 14 | 81 | 11 | 25.55 | 10 | |
| 鼻塞 | 552 | 7 | 73 | 13 | 13.22 | 16 | |
| 咽痛 | 609 | 5 | 57 | 15 | 9.36 | 17 | |
| 胃肠道 | 腹泻、腹痛 | 246 | 15 | 42 | 17 | 17.07 | 13 |
| 呕吐 | 183 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 9.29 | 18 | |
| 皮肤 | 脱发 | 210 | 16 | 123 | 8 | 58.57 | 1 |
| 皮疹 | 121 | 19 | 50 | 16 | 41.32 | 8 | |
| 肌肉骨骼肌 | 腰背痛 | 617 | 4 | 201 | 5 | 32.58 | 9 |
| 四肢肌痛 | 558 | 6 | 101 | 9 | 18.10 | 12 | |
| 头痛 | 551 | 8 | 82 | 10 | 14.88 | 14 | |
| 其他 | 发热 | 778 | 1 | 19 | 19 | 1.41 | 19 |
| 疲劳 | 767 | 2 | 341 | 1 | 44.46 | 6 | |
| 月经不调 | 163 | 18 | 75 | 12 | 46.01 | 4 | |
| 症状和体征 | 疲劳患者a(n=341) | 脱发患者b(n=123) | 记忆力理解力注意力降低患者c(n=274) | 失眠患者d(n=217) | 腰背痛患者e(n=201) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 所占比例(%) | 排名 | 所占比例(%) | 排名 | 所占比例(%) | 排名 | 所占比例(%) | 排名 | 所占比例(%) | 排名 | ||
| 神经 | 记忆力理解力注意力降低 | 56.30 | 1 | 62.60 | 2 | 61.75 | 2 | 65.67 | 2 | ||
| 嗅觉味觉减退或丧失 | 11.73 | 13 | 17.89 | 14 | 14.96 | 12 | 11.06 | 15 | 12.94 | 14 | |
| 精神 | 失眠 | 47.80 | 2 | 47.15 | 3 | 48.91 | 4 | 52.24 | 3 | ||
| 情绪低落、焦虑、烦躁 | 40.76 | 5 | 45.53 | 4 | 53.28 | 2 | 57.60 | 3 | 44.28 | 5 | |
| 心血管 | 心慌、心悸 | 44.28 | 3 | 43.90 | 6 | 50.00 | 3 | 53.46 | 4 | 50.25 | 4 |
| 呼吸 | 咳嗽 | 31.96 | 6 | 22.76 | 9 | 25.18 | 8 | 28.57 | 6 | 30.35 | 7 |
| 呼吸急促困难 | 15.54 | 10 | 17.89 | 13 | 21.17 | 10 | 22.58 | 10 | 19.40 | 10 | |
| 鼻塞 | 15.54 | 11 | 22.76 | 10 | 20.07 | 11 | 18.43 | 11 | 14.93 | 12 | |
| 咽痛 | 15.54 | 12 | 13.82 | 15 | 13.14 | 14 | 11.98 | 14 | 15.42 | 11 | |
| 胃肠道 | 腹泻、腹痛 | 7.62 | 16 | 12.20 | 16 | 9.49 | 16 | 11.06 | 16 | 10.45 | 16 |
| 呕吐 | 2.64 | 17 | 4.88 | 17 | 3.28 | 17 | 3.23 | 17 | 2.49 | 17 | |
| 皮肤 | 脱发 | 23.57 | 7 | 28.10 | 7 | 26.73 | 8 | 27.36 | 8 | ||
| 皮疹 | 13.58 | 15 | 21.14 | 11 | 11.68 | 15 | 12.90 | 12 | 12.44 | 15 | |
| 肌肉骨骼肌 | 腰背痛 | 69.25 | 4 | 44.72 | 5 | 48.18 | 5 | 48.39 | 5 | ||
| 四肢肌痛 | 62.63 | 8 | 27.64 | 8 | 28.83 | 6 | 28.57 | 7 | 43.28 | 6 | |
| 头痛 | 61.84 | 9 | 18.70 | 12 | 24.09 | 9 | 23.50 | 9 | 27.36 | 9 | |
| 其他 | 发热 | 2.35 | 18 | 3.25 | 18 | 2.19 | 18 | 3.23 | 18 | 2.49 | 18 |
| 疲劳 | 63.41 | 1 | 70.07 | 1 | 75.12 | 1 | 70.15 | 1 | |||
| 月经不调 | 18.29 | 14 | 33.33 | 7 | 14.60 | 13 | 11.98 | 13 | 12.94 | 13 | |
Table 4 The incidence and ranking of symptoms and signs in patients with long COVID and fatigue,hair loss,memory,comprehension,and attention loss,insomnia,or low back pain
| 症状和体征 | 疲劳患者a(n=341) | 脱发患者b(n=123) | 记忆力理解力注意力降低患者c(n=274) | 失眠患者d(n=217) | 腰背痛患者e(n=201) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 所占比例(%) | 排名 | 所占比例(%) | 排名 | 所占比例(%) | 排名 | 所占比例(%) | 排名 | 所占比例(%) | 排名 | ||
| 神经 | 记忆力理解力注意力降低 | 56.30 | 1 | 62.60 | 2 | 61.75 | 2 | 65.67 | 2 | ||
| 嗅觉味觉减退或丧失 | 11.73 | 13 | 17.89 | 14 | 14.96 | 12 | 11.06 | 15 | 12.94 | 14 | |
| 精神 | 失眠 | 47.80 | 2 | 47.15 | 3 | 48.91 | 4 | 52.24 | 3 | ||
| 情绪低落、焦虑、烦躁 | 40.76 | 5 | 45.53 | 4 | 53.28 | 2 | 57.60 | 3 | 44.28 | 5 | |
| 心血管 | 心慌、心悸 | 44.28 | 3 | 43.90 | 6 | 50.00 | 3 | 53.46 | 4 | 50.25 | 4 |
| 呼吸 | 咳嗽 | 31.96 | 6 | 22.76 | 9 | 25.18 | 8 | 28.57 | 6 | 30.35 | 7 |
| 呼吸急促困难 | 15.54 | 10 | 17.89 | 13 | 21.17 | 10 | 22.58 | 10 | 19.40 | 10 | |
| 鼻塞 | 15.54 | 11 | 22.76 | 10 | 20.07 | 11 | 18.43 | 11 | 14.93 | 12 | |
| 咽痛 | 15.54 | 12 | 13.82 | 15 | 13.14 | 14 | 11.98 | 14 | 15.42 | 11 | |
| 胃肠道 | 腹泻、腹痛 | 7.62 | 16 | 12.20 | 16 | 9.49 | 16 | 11.06 | 16 | 10.45 | 16 |
| 呕吐 | 2.64 | 17 | 4.88 | 17 | 3.28 | 17 | 3.23 | 17 | 2.49 | 17 | |
| 皮肤 | 脱发 | 23.57 | 7 | 28.10 | 7 | 26.73 | 8 | 27.36 | 8 | ||
| 皮疹 | 13.58 | 15 | 21.14 | 11 | 11.68 | 15 | 12.90 | 12 | 12.44 | 15 | |
| 肌肉骨骼肌 | 腰背痛 | 69.25 | 4 | 44.72 | 5 | 48.18 | 5 | 48.39 | 5 | ||
| 四肢肌痛 | 62.63 | 8 | 27.64 | 8 | 28.83 | 6 | 28.57 | 7 | 43.28 | 6 | |
| 头痛 | 61.84 | 9 | 18.70 | 12 | 24.09 | 9 | 23.50 | 9 | 27.36 | 9 | |
| 其他 | 发热 | 2.35 | 18 | 3.25 | 18 | 2.19 | 18 | 3.23 | 18 | 2.49 | 18 |
| 疲劳 | 63.41 | 1 | 70.07 | 1 | 75.12 | 1 | 70.15 | 1 | |||
| 月经不调 | 18.29 | 14 | 33.33 | 7 | 14.60 | 13 | 11.98 | 13 | 12.94 | 13 | |
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