Translation and Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2018.00.155

Abstract

Abstract: Objective　To translate the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale（MFODS），and to filter items and construct structure of Chinese version of MFODS based on Chinese cultural background.Methods　A total of 15 community health service institutions in Beijing was selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on patients by a convenient sampling method from May to August 2017，and experts were organized to translate，back-translate the MFODS，then pre-investigation were conducted.The subjects were randomly divided into two groups，one group for filtering items and evaluating reliability and validity of MFODS，and the other group for verifying the reliability and validity of the scale.Results　In this study，1 100 questionnaires were distributed，and 1 031 questionnaires were effective，with a recovery rate of 93.7%.Through items filtering and multiple exploratory factor analysis，6 common factors were extracted，containing 33 items，and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 52.598%.The Cronbach'sαof the scale was 0.916，and of each dimension was 0.625-0.843.The retest reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.891，and of each dimension was 0.616-0.855.Six common factors were extracted in the other group，and cumulative variance contribution rate was 54.292%；the Cronbach'sαof total scale was 0.924，and of each dimension was 0.595-0.835.Conclusion　The Chinese version of MFODS constructed has a good reliability and validity，while it still needs to be further adjusted and improved in accordance with the Chinese culture.

Key words: Death, Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale, Translating, Reliability, Validity

摘要： 目的　对多维死亡焦虑量表（MFODS）进行汉化，筛选并构建出符合中国文化背景的测量条目及量表结构。方法　于2017年5—8月，采取方便抽样方法，选取于北京市15家社区卫生服务机构就诊的患者为调查对象，对英文版MFODS进行翻译、回译及预调查。将调查对象随机分半，一半用于条目筛选及信效度评价，另一半用于验证量表的信效度。结果　共发放问卷1 100份，回收有效问卷1 031份，有效回收率为93.7%。经条目筛选和多次探索性因子分析，中文版MFODS共保留条目33个，可提取6个公因子，累积方差贡献率为52.598%；总量表Cronbach's α系数为0.916，各维度Cronbach's α系数为0.625~0.843；总量表重测信度系数为0.891，各维度重测信度系数为0.616~0.855。另一分半数据提取6个公因子，累积方差贡献率为54.292%；总量表Cronbach's α系数为0.924，各维度Cronbach's α系数为0.595~0.835。结论　中文版MFDOS具有较好的信度和效度，但仍需结合中国文化背景进一步调整和完善。

关键词: 死亡, 多维死亡焦虑量表, 翻译, 信度, 效度

SONG Zimin,LIU Weiwei. Translation and Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale　[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2019, 22(2): 206-209. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2018.00.155.
宋子皿,刘薇薇. 多维死亡焦虑量表的汉化及信效度评价[J]. 中国全科医学, 2019, 22(2): 206-209. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2018.00.155.

References

［1］WU A M，TANG C S，KWOK T C．Death anxiety among Chinese elderly people in Hong Kong［J］．J Aging Health，2002，14（1）：42-56．DOI：10.1177/089826430201400103.
［2］柏宁，尹梅.医学视阈下对中西方死亡文化差异的分析［J］．医学与哲学，2014，35（9）：21-23.
BAI N，YIN M．Analysis on the death culture diferences betwen China and the West from medical perspective［J］．Medicine and Philosophy，2014，35（9）：21-23.
［3］MOORHEAD S，JOHNSON M，MAAS M，et al．Nursing outcomes classification （NOC）：measurement of health outcomes［M］．2nd ed.Sao Paulo：Elsevier/Mosb，2013：868-871.
［4］NIENABER K，GOEDEREIS E.Death anxiety and education：a comparison among undergraduate and graduate students［J］．Death Stud，2015，39（8）：483-490．DOI：10.1080/07481187.2015.1047057.
［5］SOUSA V D，ROJJANASRIRAT W.Translation，adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research：a clear and user-friendly guideline［J］．J Eval Clin Pract，2011，17（2）：268-274．DOI：10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x.
［6］杨红，韩丽沙，郭浩明.死亡焦虑量表的跨文化调适［J］．中国实用护理杂志，2012，28（31）：53-57．DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.1672-7088.2012.31.028.
YANG H，HAN L S，GUO H M．Study on the cross-cultural adjustment and application of the Death Anxiety Scale［J］．Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing，2012，28（31）：53-57．DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.1672-7088.2012.31.028.
［7］周嘉琪，朱明霞，伍慧儿.澳门长者面对死亡焦虑的现状调查［J］．中国医学伦理学，2017，30（9）：1125-1129．DOI：10.12026/j.issn.1001-8565.2017.09.15.
ZHOU J Q，ZHU M X，WU H E．Analysis on death anxiety of the elderly in Macau［J］．Chinese Medical Ethics，2017，30（9）：1125-1129．DOI：10.12026/j.issn.1001-8565.2017.09.15.
［8］刘方．老年人身体健康感知与死亡焦虑的关系及其机制研究［D］．成都：四川师范大学，2015.
LIU F．Relationship between health perception and death anxiety and its mechanism of old people［D］．Chengdu：Sichuan Normal University，2015.
［9］TEMPLER D I，AWADALLA A，AL-FAYEZ G，et al．Construction of a death anxiety scale-extended［J］．OMEGA，2006，53（3）：209-226．DOI：10.2190/BQFP-9ULN-NULY-4JDR.
［10］ROFF L L，BUTKEVICIENE R，KLEMMACK D L.Death anxiety and religiosity among Lithuanian health and social service professionals［J］．Death Stud，2002，26（9）：731-742．DOI：10.1080/07481180290106517.
［11］SHARIF N H，LEHTO R H，ABBAS E，et al．Death anxiety among nurses and health care professionals：a review article［J］．Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery，2016，4（1）：2-10．

[1]	YU Wenhua, LI Jianguo, DUAN Wenyan, GAO Xuyan, LI Xiaxia, ZHANG Zilong, ZHANG Li, MA Lina. Reliability and Validity of the Function Impairment Screening Tool among Community-dwelling Older Adults [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(24): 3000-3004.
[2]	ZHOU Lianpeng, LI Weifeng, DONG Xingang, WANG Xiaoyuan. Research Progress on the Role of Copper Homeostasis Regulation Mechanism in Cognition Disorder [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(23): 2941-2949.
[3]	TANG Xiaorui, XU Jingjing, GU Zijun, WANG Qingyu, LIN Zheng, ZHU Qiurui, LEI Yang. The Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(21): 2643-2651.
[4]	DENG Jie, TAO Liyuan, LIU Nan, LI Jun, YAN Wenxin, QIN Chenyuan, LIU Qiao, DU Min, WANG Yaping, LIU Jue. Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(13): 1642-1648.
[5]	SHA Jingjing, JING Limei, DING Tongjiu, XIN Yurong, TANG Lan, LI Shuijing. Construction of a Practical Oriented Tool for Evaluating the Ability of Community Medical Staff to Provide Hospice Care Services and Its Reliability and Validity [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(04): 457-464.
[6]	REN Xiaoqiao, WANG Pan, WU Hao, JI Yong, SHI Zhihong. Correlation of Serum Uric Acid to Serum Creatinine Ratio with the Recurrence of Cerebrovascular Events and Mortality in Patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Disease: a Prospective Cohort Study [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(02): 175-182.
[7]	LUO Qin, GOU Lianping, CHEN Yin, SU Feng. Comparison of the Diagnostic Value of Calf Circumference, Upper Arm Circumference and Ishii Score in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Complicated with Sarcopenia [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(35): 4403-4411.
[8]	CHEN Ruman, BAI Yafei, WANG Chunli, AN Na, XU Mingzhi, HE Jiqing, QI Yonghui, WANG Liheng, LI Hong. Combined Predictive Value of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and C-reactive Protein-to-albumin Ratio for All-cause Mortality Risk in Patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis: Cohort Study Followed for 5 Years [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(35): 4397-4402.
[9]	GAO Yixuan, WANG Xiyou, CHEN Qianji, YANG Xiaoming, GUO Junming, ZI Yilu, WENG Zhiwen, MA Jingyi, ZHANG Naiwen, LIU Eryang, SHAO Hui, SUN Yanan, YU Changhe. Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire Measurement Performance Evidence in Chinese Patients with Low Back Pain: a Systematic Review Based on COSMIN Guidelines [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(29): 3672-3678.
[10]	YAO Shanshan, MA Zhuyue, SHI Yanyan, WU Yuqing, ZHANG Liuliu, CHEN Mingxia, WU Bing, CHENG Fang. Development and Reliability and Validity Test of Cardiotoxicity Risk Assessment Scale for Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(27): 3428-3434.
[11]	GAO Min, SUN Guozhen, WANG Qianyi, WANG Jie, HUANG Yangxi, YU Tianxi, LIU Shenxinyu, WEN Gaoqin. Development of Exercise Rehabilitation Adherence Scale for Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Test on Its Reliability and Validity [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(25): 3150-3158.
[12]	YANG Cuicui, WANG Yubing, XU Jingjing, LUO Dan. Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of Type 1 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale for Adolescents [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(18): 2253-2259.
[13]	LI Hang, LIU Suzhen, NI Yunxia. Sinicization Based on Community Health Intensity Rating Scale and Its Reliability and Validity Test in Elderly Patients [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(16): 1950-1955.
[14]	XU Huijing, WU Shanyu, JIANG Jiawei, WU Yuanhong, WANG Xiaohui, GAO Ge, WANG Zhe, WANG Yuyu. Translation of the Patient-reported Outcomes Measure of Pharmaceutical Therapy for Quality of Life and Its Validation in Elderly Patients with Polypharmacy [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(05): 612-621.
[15]	GU Jingmei, JI Shuyu, XI Qian, PENG Houxuan, QIN Li, ZHAO Can, CHEN Peimeng, HUANG Xiaocui, LIANG Ruiying, SHEN Ying. Validity and Reliability of an Evaluation Index System for Consultation Competency of General Practitioners Practicing in Primary Care Settings [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(04): 476-484.