Abstract: Background  The outbreak of influenza in the spring of 2018 revealed the vulnerability of the capability for delivering pediatric services in primary care system in China.Opinions on Strengthening the Reform and Development of Pediatric Healthcare Services issued in 2016 required that at least 1 general practitioner should be equipped to each township hospital or each community health facility to provide standardized essential pediatric medical care.Therefore，pediatric resources and capacity for delivering pediatric services in primary healthcare institutions deserve high concern.Objective  To study pediatric resources distribution and capacity for providing pediatric services in primary healthcare institutions in China.Methods   Data were collected from 2 volumes of China's Health Statistics Yearbook（2011—2012），5 volumes of China's Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook（2013—2017），and China's Hygiene and Health Statistical Yearbook 2018.Proportions of numbers of pediatric departments，pediatric beds，practising pediatric physicians（assistants），pediatric emergency visits，and pediatric discharges in primary healthcare institutions（including community and township health centers），and in healthcare institutions were analyzed.Results   In 2017，among all the community health centers，those delivering pediatric services accounted for 25.60%，and numbers of pediatric beds，practising pediatric physicians（physician assistants），pediatric emergency outpatient visits，and pediatric discharges owned by them accounted for 2.69% of the total beds，1.32% of the total physicians（physician assistants），2.73% of the total emergency outpatient visits，and 3.22% of the total discharges，respectively.During the same year，of all the township health centers，those offering pediatric services made up 50.84%，and numbers of pediatric beds，practising pediatric physicians（physician assistants），pediatric emergency outpatient visits，and pediatric discharges owned by them occupied 7.41% of the total beds，1.47% of the total physicians（physician assistants），7.64% of the total emergency outpatient visits，and 7.71% of the total discharges，respectively.During the period of 2010—2017，among all the primary healthcare institutions，the percentage of pediatric resources held by those delivering pediatric services and their capability level for delivering such services generally demonstrated year-over-year downward trends.Moreover，among all the healthcare institutions，the percentage of pediatric resources held by primary healthcare institutions delivering pediatric services and their capability level for delivering such services also showed year-over-year downward trends on the whole.Conclusion   The capability level for delivering pediatric services in primary healthcare institutions is unsatisfied.In view of this，improvement strategies are suggested as follows：incorporating the enhancement of pediatric resources allocation and pediatric service delivery capability in primary healthcare institutions into the overall health development programs of the local area，actively promoting the construction of pediatric alliance，increasing the pediatric service capacity level of general practitioners and introducing pediatric professionals to primary care when necessary，increasing the number and kinds of pediatric medicines in primary healthcare institutions and strengthening the guidance on safety of drug use in children.

Key words: Primary medical and health institutions, Community health services, Pediatrics, Child health services, Health resources, Medical service capability

摘要： 背景  2018年春季流感的爆发反映出我国基层儿科服务能力较弱，2016年《关于加强儿童医疗卫生服务改革与发展的意见》提出了“每个乡镇卫生院和社区卫生服务机构至少有1名全科医生提供规范的儿童基本医疗服务”的要求，基层儿科资源及服务提供现状值得关注。目的  了解我国基层儿科资源配置及儿科医疗服务能力现状。方法  利用2011—2012年《中国卫生统计年鉴》、2013—2017年《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》、2018年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》，收集我国基层医疗卫生机构（社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院）的儿科科室、儿科床位、儿科执业（助理）医师数以及儿科门急诊人次、出院人数，并分析上述指标在基层医疗卫生机构和所有医疗卫生机构中的占比情况。结果  2017年社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院提供儿科医疗服务的机构数分别占其机构总数的25.60%和50.84%，儿科床位数分别占其床位总数的2.69%和7.41%，儿科执业（助理）医师分别占其执业（助理）医师总数的1.32%和1.47%；儿科门急诊人次分别占其总门急诊人次的2.73%和7.64%，出院人数分别占其总出院人数的3.22%和7.71%。2010—2017年我国基层医疗卫生机构的儿科资源配置和儿科服务能力指标，在基层医疗卫生机构和所有医疗卫生机构中的占比基本呈下降趋势。结论  我国基层儿科医疗服务能力不足。建议将基层儿科医疗资源配置及服务能力提升纳入区域卫生规划统筹发展，积极推动儿科专科联盟建设；加强全科医生儿科能力建设和引进儿科医学人才“双管齐下”；增加基层医疗卫生机构儿童专属药品配置，强化对儿童安全用药的指导。

关键词: 基层医疗卫生机构, 社区卫生服务, 儿科, 儿童保健服务, 卫生资源, 医疗服务能力