Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health challenge. Its onset and progression not only involve glucose metabolic disorders but are also associated with the persistence of chronic low-grade inflammation. Evidence indicates that the inflammation resolution is an active and highly coordinated biological process. However, the non-resolving inflammation may correlate with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and the progression of diabetes and its complications, including cardiovascular disease and nephropathy. In addition to classical glucose-lowering effects, some antidiabetic drugs have been reported to regulate the resolution of inflammation through various pathways, thereby influencing both local and systematic inflammatory microenvironments. These mechanisms include affecting the production of specialized pro resolving mediators and regulating macrophage polarization. Such effects may underlie the cardioprotective and renal protective benefits of antihyperglycemic drugs, although the specific molecular mechanisms and the relationships with clinical outcomes remain incompletely understood. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of inflammation resolution and their roles in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications, and discusses the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms of antidiabetic agents in inflammation resolution, which may provide novel clinical insights for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Key words: Diabetes, type 2, Inflammation resolution, Hypoglycemic drugs, Specialized pro-resolving mediators, Macrophages

摘要： 2型糖尿病已成为全球范围内的重要公共卫生挑战之一，其发生、发展不仅涉及葡萄糖代谢紊乱，还与慢性低度炎症的持续存在相关。近年来研究提示，炎症消退是机体主动调控炎症反应的重要生物学过程，而炎症消退障碍可能是导致 2 型糖尿病持续性慢性炎症状态的重要机制之一，并可能在其心血管及肾脏并发症等发生过程中发挥重要作用。除经典降糖效应外，部分降糖药物在不同程度上被报道可通过多种途径调节炎症消退过程，从而影响局部及系统性炎症微环境，包括影响特异性促炎症消退介质的水平和影响巨噬细胞极化状态等机制。上述作用可能在一定程度上参与其心肾保护效应，但具体分子机制及其与临床终点之间的因果关系仍有待进一步阐明。本文系统梳理了炎症消退的机制及其在2型糖尿病及相关并发症中的潜在作用，探讨现有降糖药物对炎症消退过程的潜在调控作用，并对未来研究方向进行展望。深入解析2型糖尿病中炎症消退的调控网络及降糖药物与炎症消退之间的关联，有助于为2型糖尿病的综合防治提供新的临床思路与实践路径。

关键词: 糖尿病, 2 型；炎症消退；降糖药物；特异性促炎症消退介质；巨噬细胞