Chinese General Practice ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (26): 3209-3220.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0407

Special Issue: 国家基本公共卫生服务项目十年评价

• Special Research Report • Previous Articles     Next Articles

National Essential Public Health Services Programs over the Past Decade Research Report Two:Progress and Achievements of the Implementation of National Essential Public Health Services Programs over the Past Decade

  

  1. School of Health Management Policy Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2022-06-09 Revised:2022-06-25 Published:2022-09-15 Online:2022-07-06
  • Contact: Yuanli LIU
  • About author:
    YOU L L, ZHAO J H, CHEN X Y, et al. Progress and achievements of the implementation of national essential public health services programs over the past decade[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25 (26) : 3209-3220.

国家基本公共卫生服务项目十年评价(2009—2019年)系列报告(二)——国家基本公共卫生服务项目实施十年的进展与成效

  

  1. 100730 北京市,中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院卫生健康管理政策学院
  • 通讯作者: 刘远立
  • 作者简介:
    作者贡献:尤莉莉、刘远立提出研究思路,设计研究方案;赵金红、陈新月、杨凌鹤、潘钰婷、张思琪负责数据收集、采集、清洗和统计学分析、绘制图表等;赵金红、陈新月、杨凌鹤、刘美岑、潘钰婷负责进行现场调查,研究过程的实施;尤莉莉、赵金红负责论文起草;刘远立负责论文审查;尤莉莉负责最终版本修订,对论文负责。 尤莉莉,赵金红,陈新月,等.国家基本公共卫生服务项目实施十年的进展与成效[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(26):3209-3220.[www.chinagp.net]
  • 基金资助:
    国家卫生健康委委托项目——国家基本公共卫生服务实施十年效果评估

Abstract:

Background

The national essential public health services programs (NEPHSP) is an important project led by the Chinese government to benefit the people, which is a Chinese practice towards universal health coverage. In 2009, the project was rolled out across the country, and its coverage and influence are second to none in the field of public health in China. It is necessary to review the 10-year progress of the project and clarify its effectiveness to maintain its sustainable development.

Objective

To systematically sort out and summarize the progress and achievements of the NEPHSP made over the past decade (2009-2019) .

Methods

We collected the monitoring data (2009-2016) of basic public health projects in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) through correspondence, analyzed the monitoring data of the national basic public health service management platform (2017-2019) and the relevant indicators of the China Health Statistical Yearbook (2010-2020) , and analyzed the coverage of basic public health services in the country over the past ten years from the perspective of providers. From November to December 2019, a ten-year assessment survey of the national essential public health services was carried out in Zhejiang Province, Shanxi Province and Chongqing city to investigate the residents' awareness, utilization, satisfaction and self-assessment benefit rates of NEPHSP from the perspective of the consumers.

Results

During the past decade, the coverage of various service items of basic public health in China has increased significantly: (1) the rate of construction of health file, the rate of construction of electronic health file, and the utilization rate of health file have increased from 48.78%, 35.07% and 22.14% in 2009 to 88.25%, 86.82% and 55.34% in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 6.41%, 10.92% and 15.62% respectively; (2) A total of 6.311 billion printed health education materials were distributed nationwide, about 337million audio-visual health education materials were broadcasted, and a total of 1.144 billion people attended health education lectures; (3) By 2019, there were about 109 million registered hypertensive patients and about 31 357 100 diabetes patients nationwide. The standardized management rate of hypertensive / diabetes patients has increased by 29.28% and 27.25% respectively in the past decade. The blood pressure / blood glucose control rate in the population managed for hypertension / diabetes has increased by 16.84% and 24.69% respectively in the past decade, with an average annual growth rate of 3.28% and 5.56% respectively. The gap in each indicator among the eastern, central and western regions was gradually narrowing; (4) The rates of early pregnancy enrollment, antenatal examination, postpartum visit and system management increased by 6.06%, 4.60%, 7.79% and 9.40% respectively. The ten-year rates of neonatal visit and health management of 0-6-year-old children increased by 14.09% and 17.82% respectively, with an average annual growth rate of 1.74% and 2.30%. In 2019, the national elderly health management rate was 67.41%, an increase of 26.23% over 2009, with an average annual growth rate of 5.96%. The average annual growth rate of TCM health management services for the elderly and children was 15.00% and 12.97%, respectively; (5) The rate of establishing vaccination certificates and the vaccination rate of all kinds of vaccines among residents were stable at more than 90%; The standardized management rate of patients with severe mental disorders reached 89.17% in 2019, the management rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the regular drug taking rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients had been stable at more than 95% since 2015; (6) In 2019, the awareness rate of the national essential public health services programs for participating residents in the survey was 85.4%, the service utilization rate was 98.7%, the service satisfaction of the key groups was more than 90%, and the self-assessment service benefit rate was more than 85%; (7) The service capacity of primary medical and health service institutions had been improved, and the number of institutions had shown a continuous upward trend. The number of personnel in primary medical and health institutions, the proportion of doctors and nurses, and the proportion of Bachelor degree or above had all increased year by year.

Conclusion

Over the past decade, as an important part of basic health services in China, the population coverage of basic public health services had increased significantly, the goal of wide service coverage had been basically achieved, the health management level of the focused population had been significantly improved, the effect of health management had been presented, the residents' sense of access to basic public health services had been gradually improved, and the service capacity of basic medical and health institutions had been continuously improved. The comprehensive implementation of basic public health services in China is an important initiative towards the goal of "universal health coverage".

Key words: Public health, National essential public health services programs, Public health systems research, Evaluation study, Health management, Sense of fulfillment, China

摘要: 背景 
国家基本公共卫生服务项目是中国政府主导的一项重要惠民工程,是迈向全民健康覆盖的中国实践,2009年该项目在全国铺开,覆盖面和影响力之大,在我国公共卫生领域首屈一指;回顾并总结该项目十年发展进程,明确成效,有利于促进项目的持续发展。

目的
梳理并总结全国国家基本公共卫生服务项目在过去十年(2009—2019年)所取得的进展与成效。

方法
通过函调收集31个省(自治区、直辖市)基本公共卫生服务项目各项监测数据(2009—2016年),分析国家基本公共卫生服务管理平台监测数据(2017—2019年),以及《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》(2010—2020年)相关指标,从供方角度分析十年间全国基本公共卫生各项服务的覆盖情况。2019年11—12月,在浙江省、山西省、重庆市开展了国家基本公共卫生服务项目十年评估居民调查,从需方角度调查居民对国家基本公共卫生服务项目的知晓率、利用率、满意率、自评获益率等情况。

结果
十年间,我国基本公共卫生的各类服务项目的覆盖率均有较大幅度增长:(1)健康档案建档率、电子健康档案建档率、健康档案使用率分别从2009年的48.78%、35.07%、22.14%上升至2019年的88.25%、86.82%、55.34%,平均年增长率分别为6.41%、10.92%、15.62%;(2)全国发放健康教育印刷资料累计约63.11亿份,播放健康教育音像资料次数约3.37亿次,举办健康教育讲座累计参加人数达11.44亿人;(3)截至2019年,全国管理在册的高血压患者约1.09亿人,糖尿病患者约3 135.71万人,高血压、糖尿病患者的规范管理率十年间分别增长了29.28%、27.25%,高血压、糖尿病管理人群的血压、血糖控制率十年间分别增长了16.84%、24.69%,平均年增长率分别为3.28%、5.56%,东、中、西部地区各项指标的差距呈逐渐缩小趋势;(4)孕产妇早孕建册率、产前检查率、产后访视率和系统管理率分别增长了6.06%、4.60%、7.79%和9.40%,新生儿访视率、0~6岁儿童健康管理率的十年增长幅度分别为14.09%、17.82%,平均年增长率为1.74%、2.30%;2019年,全国老年人健康管理率为67.41%,较2009年增长26.23%,平均年增长率为5.96%;老年人和儿童的中医药健康管理服务的平均年增长率为15.00%、12.97%;(5)居民预防接种建证率和各类疫苗接种率均稳定在90%以上;严重精神障碍患者规范管理率2019年达89.17%,肺结核患者管理率及肺结核患者规范服药率自2015年以来均稳定在95%以上;(6)2019年参与调查的居民对国家基本公共卫生服务项目的知晓率为85.4%,服务利用率为98.7%,重点人群的服务满意度均在90%以上,自评服务获益率均在85%以上;(7)基层医疗卫生服务机构的服务能力有所提升,机构数量呈现持续上升趋势,基层医疗卫生机构人员数量、医护比、本科以上学历占比均逐年上升。

结论
十年来,作为我国基本医疗卫生服务的重要组成部分,基本公共卫生各服务项目人群覆盖率均有较大幅度增长,服务广覆盖的目标基本达成,重点人群健康管理水平提升明显,健康管理效果显现,居民对基本公共卫生服务的获得感逐步提高,基层医疗卫生机构服务能力不断提升,我国基本公共卫生服务项目的全面实施是向"全民健康覆盖"目标迈进的重要举措。

关键词: 公共卫生, 国家基本公共卫生服务项目, 公共卫生系统研究, 评价研究, 健康管理, 获得感, 中国