Abstract: Probiotics are considered as a kind of living organisms that are beneficial to the host.In recent years，probiotics have gradually become a commonly used clinical prescription to treat gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases.However，relevant clinical researches evaluating the efficacy of probiotics are often contradictory.At present，there are still a lot of clinical studies trying to explore the role of probiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases but without consensus on its effects on many diseases.This paper gives a review on the role of probiotics in diarrhea caused by different pathogens in recent years，including infectious diarrhea，antibiotic-related diarrhea，Clostridium difficile infectious diarrhea，and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.This paper points out the clinical application value of probiotics in the treatment of diarrhea caused by different diseases among varied people.Besides，the paper tells clearly about the potential risks in the use of probiotics thus offering a reference for further clinical researches and application in the field.

Key words: Diarrhea, Probiotics, Irritable bowel syndrome, Inflammatory bowel diseases, Infectious diarrhea, Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea

摘要： 益生菌被认为是对宿主健康有益的活生物体。近年来，益生菌逐渐成为临床上常用的处方，被广泛用于治疗胃肠道疾病和非胃肠道疾病，然而评估其疗效的相关临床研究结果通常是相互矛盾的。目前仍有大量临床研究探讨益生菌在治疗胃肠道疾病方面的作用，但对于很多疾病仍无统一定论。本文回顾了近年来益生菌在不同病因所致腹泻中的作用，主要包括感染性腹泻、抗生素相关性腹泻或难辨梭菌相关性腹泻、腹泻型肠易激综合征等，指出了益生菌对不同疾病、人群中所出现腹泻的临床应用价值及益生菌使用中可能存在的潜在风险，从而为其今后进一步临床研究及应用提供依据。

关键词: 腹泻, 有益菌种, 肠易激综合征, 炎性肠疾病, 感染性腹泻, 抗生素相关性腹泻, 难辨梭菌相关性腹泻