认知症污名的研究新进展

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0437

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 认知障碍又称认知症。随着人口老龄化进程的加快，受认知症和阿尔茨海默病影响的人群在不断增多。有关认知症的污名在国际社会被公认为普遍存在，但相关的研究却十分有限。本文通过梳理既往有关认知症污名的研究成果，发现有关认知症污名的定义和测量方式有待统一，有关经济欠发达地区的研究十分欠缺，能够进行因果推断的证据缺乏，干预研究的数量和质量均有很大的提升空间。对于认知症污名的研究，为打破传统污名研究领域中二元主体视角提供了难得的契机。同时，对认知症污名形成机制的讨论，也可以深化学界对标签理论和归因理论的探讨。

关键词: 认知障碍, 认知, 阿尔茨海默病, 痴呆, 污名, 综述

Abstract:

Cognitive impairment is also known as cognitive disorders. With the rapid aging of the population, the number of people affected by cognitive disorders and the Alzheimer's disease is on the rise. The stigma associated with cognitive disorder is widely recognized in the international community, but related research in this field remains limited. This paper found that definition and measurement of stigma of cognitive disorders need to be standardized, there is a lack of research on economically underdeveloped areas and evidence to establish causal inference; and there is ample room for improvement in both the quantity and quality of intervention studies. The research on stigma of cognitive disorders provides an unique opportunity to break the binary subject perspective in the traditional field of stigma research. At the same time, the discussion on the mechanism of cognitive disorder stigma formation can also deepen the academic discussion on labeling theory and attribution theory.

Key words: Cognition disorders, Cognition, Alzheimer disease, Dementia, Stigma, Review

中图分类号:

R 741

袁易卿,陈虹霖. 认知症污名的研究新进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(05): 631-638. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0437.
YUAN Yiqing,CHEN Honglin. Research Progress on Stigma of Cognitive Disorders[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(05): 631-638. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0437.

图/表 1

参考文献 61

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类型	名词示例	实施方	承受方	主要维度	汇报者	测量工具
公众污名	"污名（stigma）""公共污名（public stigma）""痴呆症相关污名（dementia-related stigma）""阿兹海默相关污名（AD stigma）"	大众	（由于某些特征，处于不同处境的）异己者	负面态度；刻板印象、偏见、歧视行为	大众或专业服务人员	Family Stigma in Alzheimer's Disease Scale（FS-ADS）、Attribution Questionnaire（AQ）、Dementia Attitudes Scale（DAS）、自制量表、Dementia Stigma Assessment Scale （DSSS）
自我污名	"污名（stigma）""污名意识（stigma consciousness）""自我污名（self stigma）""感知污名（perceived stigma）"	患者	患者	个人经历；自我意识；认知过程；经济上的不安全感、社会排斥、内化的羞耻感和社会孤立	患者	Stigma Impact Scale（SIS）、Stigma Consciousness Questionnaire
预期污名	"感知污名（perceived stigma）"	其他大众	异己者	对大众针对异己者态度的看法	受访大众	Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue（EMIC）、STIG-MA survey
礼遇污名	"家庭污名（family stigma）""礼遇污名（courtesy stigma）"	大众	与异己者有关的人	经历；偏见、歧视；人际关系、公众形象、结构性歧视、社会角色的履行	与异己者有关的人	自制量表
附属污名	"附属污名（affiliate stigma）"	与异己者有关的人	与异己者有关的人	负面情绪；消极情绪、行为和认知后果	与异己者有关的人	Affiliate Stigma Scale（ASS）、FAMSI8、Family Stigma Scale （FSS）、自制量表

类型	名词示例	实施方	承受方	主要维度	汇报者	测量工具
公众污名	"污名（stigma）""公共污名（public stigma）""痴呆症相关污名（dementia-related stigma）""阿兹海默相关污名（AD stigma）"	大众	（由于某些特征，处于不同处境的）异己者	负面态度；刻板印象、偏见、歧视行为	大众或专业服务人员	Family Stigma in Alzheimer's Disease Scale（FS-ADS）、Attribution Questionnaire（AQ）、Dementia Attitudes Scale（DAS）、自制量表、Dementia Stigma Assessment Scale （DSSS）
自我污名	"污名（stigma）""污名意识（stigma consciousness）""自我污名（self stigma）""感知污名（perceived stigma）"	患者	患者	个人经历；自我意识；认知过程；经济上的不安全感、社会排斥、内化的羞耻感和社会孤立	患者	Stigma Impact Scale（SIS）、Stigma Consciousness Questionnaire
预期污名	"感知污名（perceived stigma）"	其他大众	异己者	对大众针对异己者态度的看法	受访大众	Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue（EMIC）、STIG-MA survey
礼遇污名	"家庭污名（family stigma）""礼遇污名（courtesy stigma）"	大众	与异己者有关的人	经历；偏见、歧视；人际关系、公众形象、结构性歧视、社会角色的履行	与异己者有关的人	自制量表
附属污名	"附属污名（affiliate stigma）"	与异己者有关的人	与异己者有关的人	负面情绪；消极情绪、行为和认知后果	与异己者有关的人	Affiliate Stigma Scale（ASS）、FAMSI8、Family Stigma Scale （FSS）、自制量表