中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (17): 2119-2126.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0507

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

衰弱对中国老年人认知功能的影响:有调节的链式中介效应研究

刘宇婷1, 仇丽霞1, 李育玲1,2,*()   

  1. 1030000 山西省太原市,山西医科大学公共卫生学院
    2030000 山西省太原市,山西医科大学第一医院护理部
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-11 修回日期:2024-12-20 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-04-22
  • 通讯作者: 李育玲

  • 作者贡献:

    李育玲负责研究命题的提出、设计,包括老年衰弱与老年心理的切入点,负责最终版本修订,对论文整体负责;刘宇婷提出研究思路,设计研究方案,包括提出做衰弱对认知功能的影响,通过中介效应与调节等方法进行分析,负责数据整理、清洗和统计学分析、绘制图表等,负责起草论文;仇丽霞负责统计学分析。

Impact of Frailty on Cognitive Function in Chinese Older Adults: a Moderated Chain-mediated Effect

LIU Yuting1, QIU Lixia1, LI Yuling1,2,*()   

  1. 1School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
    2Department of Nursing, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
  • Received:2024-09-11 Revised:2024-12-20 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-04-22
  • Contact: LI Yuling

摘要: 背景 目前认知障碍已成为严重影响老年人生命质量的危险因素之一,有研究发现衰弱与认知功能存在相关性,而两者之间中介与调节效应的研究相对较少。 目的 探讨衰弱对认知功能的影响,检验日常生活活动能力和抑郁症状在衰弱与认知功能之间的中介作用以及社会参与的调节作用。 方法 选取2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)项目中的8 173名65岁及以上老年人的数据,获取老年人衰弱、认知功能、日常生活活动能力、抑郁、社会参与、人口学资料等相关信息。分析不同特征老年人认知功能的差异,采用Pearson相关分析探讨各变量间的相关性;采用分层回归分析衰弱对认知功能的影响;采用Process宏程序检验日常生活活动能力和抑郁在衰弱与认知功能之间的链式中介效应,以及社会参与在其中的调节作用。 结果 8 173名参与者中,1 769名(21.6%)患有认知障碍。分层回归分析结果显示衰弱负向预测认知功能(B=-2.862,P<0.001)。链式中介效应结果显示,日常生活活动能力(B=-1.713,95%CI=-1.944~-1.498)和抑郁(B=-0.435,95%CI=-0.531~-0.345)在一定程度上介导衰弱与认知功能的联系。衰弱和社会参与的交互项(B=1.140,95%CI=0.822~1.457)以及抑郁和社会参与的交互项(B=0.113,95%CI=0.015~0.211)均显著正向预测认知功能,而日常生活活动能力和社会参与的交互项与认知功能呈负相关(B=-0.413,95%CI=-0.560~-0.266)。 结论 社会参与调节日常生活活动能力与抑郁对衰弱和认知功能之间关系的直接和间接影响。关注老年人的心理健康和改善社会关系质量等干预措施,可能有助于打破衰弱和认知障碍之间的关联。

关键词: 衰弱, 认知障碍, 日常生活活动能力, 抑郁症状, 社会参与, 老年人

Abstract:

Background

Cognitive impairment is one of the serious risk factors affecting the quality of life in the elderly. Some studies have found an association between frailty and cognitive function, but research on mediating and moderating effects between the two is relatively scarce.

Objective

To explore the influence of frailty on cognitive function, and to investigate the mediating role of activities of daily living and depressive symptoms between frailty and cognitive function. Additionally, the moderating effect of social participation will be analysed.

Methods

Using data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), 8 173 individuals aged 65 and older were selected to obtain relevant information on frailty, cognitive function, activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, social participation, and demographic data among the elderly. The differences in cognitive function among elderly individuals with different characteristics were analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to investigate the interrelationships between the variables. Stratified regression was utilised to examine the impact of frailty on cognitive function. The Process macro programme was used to test the chain mediating role of activities of daily living and depressive symptoms between frailty and cognitive function, and the moderating effect of social participation within it.

Results

Of the 8 173 participants, 1 769 (21.6%) had cognitive impairment and all variables were correlated. Stratified regression analyses showed frailty negatively predicts cognitive function (B=-2.862, P<0.001). The results of the chain-mediated effects analysis showed that the activities of daily living (B=-1.713, 95%CI=-1.944 to -1.498) and depressive symptoms (B=-0.435, 95%CI=-0.531 to -0.345) mediated the link between cognitive function and frailty to some extent. The interaction term between frailty and social participation (B=1.140, 95%CI=0.822 to 1.457) as well as the interaction term between depression and social participation (B=0.113, 95%CI=0.015 to 0.211) both significantly and positively predicted cognitive function, while the interaction term between activities of daily living and social participation was negatively correlated with cognitive function (B=-0.413, 95%CI=-0.560 to -0.266) .

Conclusion

Social participation moderated the direct and indirect effects of activities of daily living and depressive symptoms on the relationship between frailty and cognitive function. The findings indicate that interventions targeting older people's mental health and enhancing the quality of social relationships may facilitate the dissolution of the correlation between frailty and cognitive impairment.

Key words: Frailty, Cognitive impairment, Activities of daily living, Depressive symptoms, Social participation, Aged

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