Overweight and obesity have become serious public health problems in China, threatening people's health. However, the weight management models currently available require further research and analysis.
To analyze the effect of an energy-limiting intermittent fasting mode combined with online intervention on weight management in overweight and obese people.
The overweight and obese people who underwent weight management in the Nutrition Department of Wuqing People's Hospital from January to October 2024 were selected as the research object, and divided into intervention (100 cases) and control (96 cases) groups by stratified random method. The control group adopted a conventional energy-limiting intermittent fasting diet model for weight management, while the intervention group used energy-limiting intermittent fasting diet model combined with online intervention for weight management. Changes in weight, metabolic rate, circumferences, muscle mass and before and BMI were assessed before the intervention, 2 months after intervention and 4 months after intervention.
Interactions between group and time were observed for weight, waist circumference and BMI (Pinteraction<0.05). Main effects of group were significant for weight, waist circumference and BMI (Pgroup<0.05), and main effects of time were significant for these variables as well (Ptime<0.05). Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of weight, waist circumference, BMI, muscle mass, metabolic rate, upper arm muscle circumference, calf circumference or body fat percentage (P>0.05). Four months after the intervention, the intervention group showed significant reductions in weight, waist circumference, BMI and body fat rate, and increased metabolic rate and upper brachial muscle circumference compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in calf circumference between the groups (P>0.05). The weight loss efficiency rate (WLER) was significantly higher in the intervention group (66.0%, 66/100) compared to the control group (20.8%, 20/96)(χ2=10.20, P=0.006). Group and time interactions were observed for exercise, eating behavior, emotional control and total score (Pinteraction<0.05). The group had significant main effects on exercise, eating behavior, emotional control and total score respectively (Pgroup<0.05), and time also had significant main effects on these variables (Ptime<0.05). Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in these scores between the groups (P>0.05). After 2 or 4 months of intervention, the above scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).
The energy-limiting intermittent fasting model combined with online intervention significantly improved the weight, metabolic rate, circumference and muscle mass in overweight and obese individuals, compared to the conventional energy-limiting intermittent fasting diet modelIt also enhanced self-management abilities of patients.
Adolescent obesity can lead to various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, and dyslipidemia, while increasing the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. The development of obesity is influenced not only by food types and intake quantity but also by eating behaviors, including eating speed, meal timing, breakfast frequency, and nighttime eating. However, the association between dietary behaviors and obesity among Chinese adolescents remains unvalidated.
To explore the association between dietary behaviors and adolescent obesity, and to provide scientific evidence for effective obesity prevention strategies.
A multistage sampling approach was employed: simple random sampling selected 7 provinces nationwide; convenience sampling identified 16 universities within these provinces; cluster sampling included all first-year students aged 16-19 years from the selected universities. Data on current height, weight, and dietary behaviors were collected via self-administered electronic questionnaires. Statistical analyses (chi-square tests and Logistic regression) were performed using SPSS 26.0 and R 4.3.3.
A total of 16 445 freshmen were surveyed, including 6 710 males (40.80%) and 9 735 females (59.20%), with an average age of (18.04±0.75) years. The highest proportions were in the 18 years (9 618 cases, 58.49%) and 19 years (4 169 cases, 25.35%) age groups, and 5 375 (32.68%) were only children. The overall obesity rate among adolescents was 10.48% (1 723/16 445). The obesity rates of adolescents with much faster, slightly faster, and much slower eating speeds were 15.02% (587/3 908), 9.41% (1 029/10 930), and 6.66% (107/1 607), respectively, and the obesity rate increased with the acceleration of eating speed (P<0.05). The obesity rate of adolescents whose parents were both obese was higher than that of those whose parents were both non-obese [18.89% (17/90) vs 10.10% (1 544/15 293), P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in the obesity rate between males and females whose parents were both obese [16.22% (6/37) vs 20.75% (11/53), P=0.79]; the obesity rate of males whose parents were both non-obese was higher than that of females [12.79% (796/6 225) vs 8.25% (748/9 068), P<0.05]. The obesity rate of adolescents whose fathers were obese but mothers were non-obese was 16.06% (88/548), and the obesity rate of males was lower than that of females [14.29% (38/266) vs 17.73% (50/282), P<0.05]. The obesity rate of adolescents whose mothers were obese but fathers were non-obese was 16.15% (26/161), and the obesity rate of males was higher than that of females [22.03% (13/59) vs 12.75% (13/102), P<0.05]. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that males [OR (95%CI)=1.46 (1.31-1.62)], younger age [compared with 19 years old, OR (95%CI) of 16 years old was 1.37 (1.08-1.73), and OR (95%CI) of 17 years old was 1.27 (1.06-1.51)], much faster [OR (95%CI)=2.19 (1.76-2.74)] and slightly faster eating speeds [OR (95%CI)=1.42 (1.15-1.75)], and having breakfast and dinner at home and lunch at school [with an OR (95%CI)=0.86 (0.75-0.98) compared to those who eat at school] were more likely to be obese.
Key risk factors for adolescent obesity in China include male gender, younger age, parental obesity, fast eating speed, and eating location patterns (e.g., school lunches with home breakfast/dinner). Additionally, a potential X-chromosome dominant cross-inheritance pattern of obesity was observed, though further validation is required.
Recent studies show that dietary interventions can induce remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals with overweight or obesity, but related evidence from China remains limited.
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a short-term dietary intervention in obese patients with abnormal glucose metabolism and to examine its impact on hepatopancreatic fat content and pancreatic β-cell function.
From March 2020 to August 2022, 60 obese adults with abnormal glucose metabolism attending the Obesity Clinic of the Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, were randomized to a low-calorie balanced diet (LCBD; n=30) or a meal-replacement diet (MRD; n=30) for 3 months. At baseline and post-intervention, group differences in changes in body composition, laboratory indices, and imaging examination were compared.
Groups were comparable at baseline in sex distribution, body composition, laboratory variables, and imaging measures (all P>0.05). After intervention, both groups exhibited significant reductions from baseline in body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), WC, body fat percentage (BFP), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT 2 hPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), HOMA-β, HOMA-IR, liver FF, pancreatic FF, and lipid measures (P<0.01). Across both groups, most glycemic indices, lipid parameters, uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and insulin resistance indices improved significantly (P<0.05), whereas HDL-C did not change significantly. Compared with the LCBD group, the MRD group achieved greater reductions in absolute and percentage BW, BMI, FPG, and VFA (P<0.05). ΔFPG was positively correlated with reductions in BW, WC, VFA, HOMA-IR, and liver FF (P<0.05). The change in HOMA-IR correlated positively with the change in liver FF (r=0.432, P=0.001).
The 3-month dietary intervention effectively reduced BW, BMI, WC, hepatic fat content, and insulin resistance in obese adults with abnormal glucose metabolism, leading to significant improvements in abnormal glucose metabolism.
