Children and adolescents undergo rapid physical and psychological development, a period during which chronic physical conditions and psychological or behavioral problems may interact and co-occur as physical and mental comorbidity. Current prevention and control strategies remain largely disease-specific, and local evidence to inform priority setting and integrated governance is limited.

To identify priority areas of physical and mental comorbidity in children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province by developing an integrated approach that combines expert opinion with artificial intelligence, and to inform policy development and future empirical research in child and adolescent health.

In May 2025, experts from health and education systems across 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province were recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected using expert questionnaires and large language models to construct a text corpus. Grounded theory was applied to this corpus, using open, axial, and selective coding to inductively derive priority areas of physical and mental comorbidity in children and adolescents.

Based on inputs from 77 experts in the health, education, and related sectors in Zhejiang Province, together with outputs from three large language models, this study identified several priority areas in physical and mental comorbidity among children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province. Mental health problems and overall psychosomatic health emerged as central concerns. Multilevel determinants, including social support systems, school and family environments, and individual behavioral factors, also warrant attention. In prevention and management, policy support, early identification, and comprehensive intervention were identified as key priorities.

Prevention and control of physical and mental comorbidity among children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province should prioritize integrated physical-mental development and mental health promotion. Comprehensive prevention and control should be advanced at multiple levels, including policy support, school and family environments, social support, and individual behaviors, with strengthened efforts in early identification, coordinated intervention, continuous management, and outcome evaluation. This study represents the first systematic identification of priority areas on physical and mental comorbidity in children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province. The findings provide guidance for research funding allocation, policy development, and the translation of evidence into coordinated multisectoral practice within the province.

儿童青少年正处于身心快速发展阶段，慢性躯体疾病与心理行为问题易相互影响并形成身心共患。当前相关防控仍以单病种管理为主，地方层面的重点领域识别和综合治理依据不足，亟需开展系统研究。

通过构建专家经验与人工智能融合的系统路径，识别浙江省儿童青少年身心共患重点领域，为浙江省儿童青少年健康领域的政策制定和实证研究提供参考。

2025年5月，采用方便抽样法邀请浙江省11个地级市的卫生健康系统和教育系统专家参与本研究。使用专家问卷和大语言模型两种路径开展资料收集，构建文本库。运用扎根理论对文本库进行开放编码、主轴编码和选择编码，归纳提炼儿童青少年身心共患的重点领域。

综合省内卫生健康系统和教育系统77名专家的意见，并结合3个大语言模型的文本生成结果，研究归纳出浙江省儿童青少年身心共患领域的若干重点方向。结果显示，心理健康问题与身心健康问题是该领域的核心议题；社会支持系统、学校与家庭环境以及个体行为习惯等多层次影响因素值得关注；在防控与管理方面，政策支持、早期识别和综合干预是亟需推进的关键方向。

浙江省儿童青少年身心共患防控应以身心协同发展和心理健康促进为重点，从政策支持、学校家庭环境、社会支持和个体行为等多层面推进综合防控，强化早期识别、协同干预、连续管理和效果评价。本研究系统识别了浙江省儿童青少年身心共患的重点领域，可为浙江省科研资助布局、政策制定及多部门协同实践转化提供方向指引。