Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (08): 980-988.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0213

• Original Research·Research of Specific Population·Reproductive Health • Previous Articles    

The Association between Female Reproductive Factors and Subjective and Objective Cognitive Function: a Cross-sectional Analysis from the Pingyin Cohort

  

  1. 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    2. Pingyin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pingyin 250400, China
  • Received:2024-04-18 Revised:2024-07-13 Published:2025-03-15 Online:2025-01-02
  • Contact: ZHU Dongshan
  • About author:

    FU Chunying and YU Ruihong are co-first authors

女性生育因素对主、客观认知功能的影响:基于平阴队列的横断面研究

  

  1. 1.250012 山东省济南市,山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系
    2.250400 山东省济南市平阴县疾病预防控制中心
  • 通讯作者: 朱东山
  • 作者简介:

    付春迎和于瑞洪为共同第一作者

    作者贡献:

    付春迎和于瑞洪负责现场数据收集与整理、研究的实施和设计、统计学分析、绘制图表以及论文起草;王琪、李美玲、王晓祎负责现场数据收集、初步处理;朱东山负责研究的构思,对文章进行质量控制与审查,并负责最终版本修订,对论文负责。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273702); 山东省优秀青年科学基金项目(海外)(2022HWYQ-030); 泰山学者项目专项基金(tsqnz20221103)

Abstract:

Background

The association between female reproductive factors and cognitive function was unclear, there still lack studies on female reproductive factors and subjective cognitive function.

Objective

Exploring the relationship between female reproductive factors and subjective or objective cognitive function, and providing theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention of cognitive decline and dementia.

Methods

The baseline survey was conducted in July 2023 in Pingyin, Jinan (in three townships). After using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 2 165 valid participants aged 45-70 were recruited at baseline. We collected sociodemographic data, medical histories, lifestyle factors, and female reproductive factors through a self-designed comprehensive questionnaire. The subjective and objective cognitive function of participants were evaluated by the Subjective Cognitive Decline-Questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale-Basic (MoCA-B), respectively. In addition, we also collected anthropometric data (included height and weight) and blood samples (to get APOE e4 alleles). Multivariate Logistic regression and Local weighted regression (Loess) were used to analyze the influence of female reproductive factors on cognitive function and to detect potential nonlinear relationships between age at menarche, age at menopause, length of reproductive period and MoCA-B scores.

Results

This study was based on a baseline population and included 1 044 postmenopausal women. The prevalence of abnormal SCD-Q9 scores was 48.37% (505/1 044), while the prevalence of abnormal MoCA-B scores was 67.43% (704/1 044). Women who had 3 or more children had a lower risk of subjective cognitive decline compared with those who had 1 or fewer children (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.36-0.98). Women with a breastfeeding duration <6 months had a higher risk of subjective cognitive decline compared with those with a breastfeeding duration of 6-12 months (OR=3.69, 95%CI=1.03-13.16). Age at menarche >18 years (OR=1.91, 95%CI=1.09-3.35), age at menopause ≤45 years (OR=1.61, 95%CI=1.00-2.62), and reproductive period ≤30 years (OR=1.56, 95%CI=1.07-2.29) or >40 years (OR=2.22, 95%CI=1.05-4.72) were all associated with poorer objective cognitive function (P<0.05). Loess analysis revealed an inverted "J-shaped" relationship between age at menarche, age at menopause, reproductive period and MoCA-B scores.

Conclusion

Women with more children (≥3) have a lower risk of subjective cognitive decline and women with shorter breastfeeding duration (<6 months) have a higher risk of subjective cognitive decline. Age at menarche >18 years, early menopause (≤45 years), and excessively long or short reproductive periods are all associated with poorer objective cognitive function. We should pay attention to the influence of female reproductive factors on cognitive function in order to delay the process of cognitive decline.

Key words: Female, Reproductive factors, Cognitive function, Subjective cognitive function, Objective cognitive function, Cross-sectional study

摘要:

背景

目前关于生育因素与认知功能的研究结论尚不一致,且缺少有关女性生育因素与主观认知功能的研究。

目的

探究女性生育因素与主、客观认知功能的关联,为认知功能下降及痴呆症的早期预防和干预提供理论依据。

方法

平阴队列于2023年7月在济南市平阴县3个乡镇以多阶段整群随机抽样法抽取45~70岁的中老年人进行调研,获得有效样本2 165例。自行编制一般信息问卷,收集社会人口统计学信息、既往病史、生活方式、女性生育因素等信息。分别采用主观认知下降自测量表(SCD-Q9)和蒙特利尔认知评估基础量表(MoCA-B)测量研究对象的主、客观认知功能。通过人体测量获得身高、体质量等信息,通过血液检测获得研究对象的载脂蛋白e4(APOE e4)等位基因分型。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨女性生育因素对主、客观认知功能的影响。采用局部加权回归(Loess)分析女性初潮年龄、绝经年龄、生育期长度与MoCA-B得分的非线性关联。

结果

本研究基于基线人群,纳入1 044例已绝经女性,其中SCD-Q9得分异常率为48.37%(505/1 044),MoCA-B得分异常率为67.43%(704/1 044)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,生育3个及以上的女性比生育1个及以下的女性主观认知下降的风险更低(OR=0.59,95%CI=0.36~0.98);母乳喂养时长<6个月的女性比喂养时长6~12个月的女性主观认知下降风险更高(OR=3.69,95%CI=1.03~13.16)。初潮年龄>18岁(OR=1.91,95%CI=1.09~3.35)、绝经年龄≤45岁(OR=1.61,95%CI=1.00~2.62)、生育期≤30年(OR=1.56,95%CI=1.07~2.29)或>40年(OR=2.22,95%CI=1.05~4.72)均与较差的客观认知功能有关(P<0.05)。经Loess分析,可见初潮年龄、绝经年龄以及生育期长度与MoCA-B得分之间近似呈倒"J"形关系。

结论

子女数量较多(≥3个)的女性主观认知下降风险更低,较短母乳喂养时长(<6个月)的女性主观认知下降风险更高。初潮年龄>18岁、早绝经(≤45岁)、生育期过长或过短均与较差的客观认知功能有关。应关注女性生育因素对认知功能的影响,以延缓认知功能下降的进程。

关键词: 女性, 生育因素, 认知功能, 主观认知功能, 客观认知功能, 横断面研究

CLC Number: