Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (20): 2481-2490.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0669

• Original Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Impact of Circadian Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome on Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functions: a Cross-sectional Analysis from the Pingyin Cohort

  

  1. 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    2. Pingyin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pingyin 250400, China
    3. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
  • Received:2024-12-10 Revised:2025-03-15 Published:2025-07-15 Online:2025-05-28
  • Contact: ZHU Dongshan

昼夜节律综合征和代谢综合征对主、客观认知功能的影响:基于平阴队列的横断面研究

  

  1. 1.250012 山东省济南市,山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系
    2.250400 山东省济南市平阴县疾病预防控制中心
    3.250012 山东省济南市,山东大学临床流行病学和循证医学中心
  • 通讯作者: 朱东山
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    张露艺负责现场数据收集与整理、研究的实施和设计、统计学分析、绘制图表以及论文起草;于瑞洪、王琪、张小宇、李响、王仲璇负责现场数据收集、初步处理;朱东山负责研究的构思,对文章进行质量控制与审查,并负责最终版本修订,对论文负责。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273702); 山东省优秀青年科学基金项目(海外)(2022HWYQ-030); 泰山学者项目专项基金(tsqnz20221103)

Abstract:

Background

Current studies on the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive function remain inconsistent, and research exploring circadian rhythm syndrome (CircS) and subjective cognitive function are lacking.

Objective

To analyze the effects of CircS and MetS on both subjective and objective cognitive functions, providing theoretical support for the early prevention and intervention of cognitive decline and dementia.

Methods

This study conducted a cross-sectional study based on the Pingyin cohort data. Launched in July 2023 in Pingyin County, Shandong Province, the Pingyin Cohort Study employed a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, selecting permanent residents aged 45-70 years from seven villages of three towns as the research population. MetS was defined by harmonized criteria, while CircS included MetS components combined with short sleep duration and depression. Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the associations of CircS and MetS with subjective and objective cognitive scores, while multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate their effects on abnormalities in these scores.

Results

A total of 2 187 people were surveyed at baseline and 2 165 valid samples were obtained. This study utilized baseline survey data, excluding individuals with missing CircS diagnostic data and covariates, resulting in a final inclusion of 1 939 participants. The prevalence of MetS and CircS was 48.2% (934/1 939) and 31.5% (611/1 939), respectively. Specifically, 356 (18.4%) had MetS alone, 33 (1.7%) had CircS alone, and 578 (29.8%) had both. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that, compared with healthy individuals, women with MetS alone had lower SCD-Q9 scores (β=-0.487, 95%CI=-0.875 to -0.099), whereas men with MetS alone had higher MoCA-B scores (β=1.097, 95%CI=0.261-1.934). In contrast, the overall population with CircS alone had elevated SCD-Q9 scores (β=1.643, 95%CI=0.765-2.521), and men with CircS alone displayed markedly reduced MoCA-B scores (β=-3.644, 95%CI=-6.323 to -0.965). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, compared to healthy individuals, men and women with CircS alone exhibited 10.46-fold (95%CI=1.87-196.20) and 5.11-fold (95%CI=1.85-18.03) higher odds of abnormal SCD-Q9 scores, respectively, whereas those with MetS alone showed lower risks (men: OR=0.62, 95%CI=0.40-0.97; women: OR=0.65, 95%CI=0.47-0.91). Short sleep duration was associated with abnormal SCD-Q9 scores (OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.44-2.22), while depressive symptoms were linked to both abnormal SCD-Q9 scores (OR=4.75, 95%CI=3.41-6.72) and MoCA-B scores (OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.06-2.08) .

Conclusion

Patients with CircS demonstrate significant cognitive impairment, while MetS patients without short sleep or depression exhibit better cognitive function. CircS may serve as a robust predictor of subjective cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations.

Key words: Circadian syndrome, Metabolic syndrome, Subjective cognitive function, Objective cognitive function, Cross-sectional study

摘要:

背景

目前关于代谢综合征(MetS)与认知功能的研究结论尚不一致,且缺少有关昼夜节律综合征(CircS)与主观认知功能的研究。

目的

分析CircS和MetS对主、客观认知功能的影响,为认知功能下降及痴呆症的早期预防和干预提供理论依据。

方法

本研究基于平阴队列数据进行横断面研究。平阴队列研究于2023年7月在山东省平阴县启动,采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,选取来自3个乡镇的7个村45~70岁的常住居民作为研究对象。MetS使用协调标准定义,CircS包括MetS的成分以及短睡眠时间和抑郁。分别采用主观认知下降自测量表(SCD-Q9)和蒙特利尔认知评估基础量表(MoCA-B)评估参与者的主、客观认知功能。通过多变量线性回归模型分析CircS和MetS与主、客观认知得分的关联,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨CircS和MetS对主、客观认知得分异常的影响。

结果

队列基线共调查2 187人,获得有效样本2 165人。本研究采用基线调查数据,剔除缺失CircS诊断数据及协变量的个体后,最终纳入1 939人。参与者MetS和CircS患病率分别为48.2%(934/1 939)和31.5%(611/1 939)。共有356名(18.4%)和33名(1.7%)参与者单独患有MetS或CircS,578名(29.8%)参与者同时患有CircS和MetS。多变量线性回归模型分析结果显示,与健康人群相比,仅患MetS的女性SCD-Q9得分降低(β=-0.487,95%CI=-0.875~-0.099),仅患MetS的男性MoCA-B得分升高(β=1.097,95%CI=0.261~1.934),仅患CircS的全人群SCD-Q9得分升高(β=1.643,95%CI=0.765~2.521),仅患CircS的男性MoCA-B得分降低(β=-3.644,95%CI=-6.323~-0.965)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,仅患CircS的男性、女性出现SCD-Q9得分异常是健康人群的10.46倍(95%CI=1.87~196.20)和5.11倍(95%CI=1.85~18.03);仅患MetS的男性、女性出现SCD-Q9得分异常是健康人群的0.62倍(95%CI=0.40~0.97)和0.65倍(95%CI=0.47~0.91)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,短睡眠时长与SCD-Q9得分异常有关(OR=1.79,95%CI=1.44~2.22),抑郁状况与SCD-Q9得分异常、MoCA-B得分异常均有关(OR=4.75,95%CI=3.41~6.72;OR=1.48,95%CI=1.06~2.08)。

结论

CircS患者的认知功能损害较为严重,无短睡眠和抑郁状况的MetS患者表现出更好的认知功能。CircS可能是预测我国中老年人群主观认知下降风险的有效指标。

关键词: 昼夜节律综合征, 代谢综合征, 主观认知功能, 客观认知功能, 横断面研究

CLC Number: