Abstract: Background　The position-specific competencies evaluation for general practitioners（GPs），the gatekeepers of residents' health，has gradually obtained the attention of scholars in general practice. Objective　To understand recent advances in the development of position-specific competencies evaluation system for Chinese GPs，to provide a basis for scientific evaluation of their position-specific competencies. Methods　From September 15 to 25，2020，we searched studies on the development of position-specific competencies evaluation system for Chinese GPs in databases of CNKI，CQVIP and Wanfang. Using advanced retrieval to construct retrieval strategy "（post competency+competency model+competency） * （general practitioner+general practitioner+family doctor+primary medical and health personnel）*（evaluation+evaluation+index+tool）"，with "Chinese abstract" or "title" as the search criteria，the matching method is "accurate matching"，and the retrieval time limit is "publication time is unlimited-up to September 2020". Bibliographical and content analyses were used to analyze the eligible studies. Results　A total of 763 studies were found and 31 of them were finally included，including 27 journal articles in Chinese，and four dissertations. A total of nine methods were used for developing the system，and the most frequently used was literature research〔71.0%（22/31）〕，followed by qualitative interview〔45.2%（14/31）〕，questionnaire survey〔45.2%（14/31）〕，and Delphi method〔45.2%（14/31）〕. The WONCA tree was the most commonly used framework，22.6%（7/31） of the studies used it for developing items. The numbers of items of the systems are various，ranging from 14 to 113. Seven studies reported their developed systems containing more than 40 items. These systems are comprehensive，generally meeting current requirements for evaluating Chinese GPs' position-specific competencies. Conclusion　Although there have been many academic studies on the development of position-specific competency evaluation systems for Chinese GPs，little was reported about application of these tools. Further research can focus on the practical use and improvement of these systems.

Key words: General practitioner, Competency, Evaluation, Index system, Review

摘要： 背景　全科医生作为居民健康的“守门人”，其能力评价逐渐受到全科医学领域相关学者的关注。目的　了解目前国内全科医生岗位胜任力评价指标体系研究现状，为科学评价全科医生岗位胜任力提供依据。方法　2020年9月15—25日，检索中国知网、维普、万方数据知识服务平台中关于全科医生岗位胜任力指标体系构建相关文献。采用高级检索，构建检索策略：（岗位胜任力+胜任力模型+能力）*（全科医生+全科医师+家庭医生+基层医疗卫生人员）*（评价+评估+指标+工具），以“中文摘要”或“题目”为检索条件，匹配方式为“精确匹配”，检索时限为“发表时间不限—至今（2020年9月）”。应用文献计量学和内容分析法对符合纳入标准的文献进行分析。结果　共检索文献763篇，最终纳入分析的文献31篇。其中27篇中文期刊，4篇学位论文。研究涉及的指标构建方法有9种，使用最多的是文献研究法（22篇，71.0%），其次为定性访谈法（14篇，45.2%）、问卷调查法（14篇，45.2%）、Delphi法（14篇，45.2%）。最常见的参考模型是世界家庭医生组织（WONCA）树模型，有7篇（22.6%）研究在该框架的基础上构建指标体系。指标体系条目数量不一，最少14个，最多113个，指标数超过40个的有7篇研究。全科医生的岗位胜任力指标体系内容涵盖广泛，基本符合中国全科医生岗位的能力要求。结论　近年来中国学术界在全科医生岗位胜任力评价指标体系方面展开了丰富的研究，但缺乏实际应用，未来的研究可致力于中国全科医生岗位胜任力评估体系的实际应用和完善。

关键词: 全科医生, 岗位胜任力, 评价, 指标体系, 综述