Abstract: Objective　To examine the status and changes of clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer patients with surgical treatment in Peking University Cancer Hospital between 1996 and 2015，providing support for the prevention and treatment of this kind of disease.Methods　The data stemmed from the electronic medical record statistics system of Peking University Cancer Hospital，involving a sample of eligible 3 703 thyroid cancer patients receiving surgical treatment between 1996 and 2015.Descriptive analyses of the data were performed by sex，age，type of thyroid cancer，status of lymphatic metastasis，concomitant diseases，and geographical settings（urban-rural location and regions defined mainly according to the socioeconomic status）.Results　During this period，the annual number of patients undergoing thyroid cancer surgery showed an increasing trend（P<0.05）.Moreover，both male and female patients increased across the period generally（P<0.05）.However，the male-to-female ratio changed a little during the period（P>0.05）.Furthermore，the year-over-year increase rate did not differ significantly by sex（P>0.05）.The number of patients undergoing thyroid cancer surgery increased significantly from the age of 25，peaked at 35 to 54（56.37%），and gradually declined after 55.The male-to-female ratio varied significantly by age group（P<0.05）.The distribution of age group in all participants differed significantly by year（P<0.05），but the average age did not（P>0.05）.Furthermore，the average age of both male and female participants did not varied notably by year（P>0.05）.In terms of type of thyroid cancer，papillary thyroid cancer patients and their occupied proportion of the total participants increased over the period（P<0.05）.Females were more likely to have papillary thyroid cancer compared with males（P<0.05）.With regard to lymphatic metastasis，patients with medullary thyroid cancer had higher rate of lymphatic metastasis than those with papillary thyroid cancer or follicular thyroid cancer（P<0.05）.Compared with males，female papillary thyroid cancer patients demonstrated lower rate of lymphatic metastasis but higher rate of accompanying nodular goiter（P<0.05）.The proportion of rural patients showed an increasing trend（P<0.05），but the distribution of patients by region did not change significantly（P>0.05）.Conclusion　The number of thyroid cancer patients receiving surgical treatment is increasing year by year，coexisting gender and age differences.The main pathological type is papillary carcinoma，and many patients have lymph node metastasis or nodular goiter.Most of them are from north China，in particular，urban patients outnumber rural patients.

Key words: Thyroid neoplasms, Pathology, Sex distribution, Age distribution, Demography

摘要： 目的　回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院甲状腺癌手术患者的临床病理特征及变化趋势，为甲状腺癌的防治提供数据支持。方法　本研究资料来源于北京大学肿瘤医院病案统计系统。收集1996年1月—2015年12月该院符合纳入标准的3 703例甲状腺癌手术患者的病历资料。记录患者的性别、年龄、疾病类型、淋巴结转移发生情况、伴发疾病发生情况、城乡分布、地区分布。结果　1996—2015年甲状腺癌手术患者总例数呈增长趋势（P<0.05）。1996—2015年男、女性甲状腺癌手术患者例数均呈增长趋势（P<0.05）。1996—2015年甲状腺癌手术患者的性别构成没有发生变化（P>0.05）。不同年份男、女性甲状腺癌手术患者逐年环比增长率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。甲状腺癌手术患者例数从25岁起明显增加，至35~54岁达高峰（56.37%），55岁后开始逐渐下降。不同年龄段甲状腺癌手术患者性别构成比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同年份甲状腺癌手术患者年龄构成比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同年份甲状腺癌手术患者年龄比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；不同年份男、女性甲状腺癌手术患者年龄比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。1996—2015年甲状腺癌手术患者乳头状癌例数呈增长趋势（P<0.05）；1996—2015年甲状腺癌手术患者乳头状癌所占比例呈上升趋势（P<0.05）。女性甲状腺癌手术患者乳头状癌所占比例高于男性（P<0.05）。髓样癌患者淋巴结转移发生率高于乳头状癌、滤泡癌（P<0.05）。女性乳头状癌患者淋巴结转移发生率低于男性，结节性甲状腺肿发生率高于男性（P<0.05）。1996—2015年农村患者比例呈增加趋势（P<0.05）。1996—2015年甲状腺癌手术患者地区分布没有发生变化（P>0.05）。结论　甲状腺癌手术患者例数呈逐年增长趋势，并存在性别、年龄差异，主要病理类型为乳头状癌，多有淋巴结转移并伴发结节性甲状腺肿，城市患者多于农村，且患者多来自华北地区。

关键词: 甲状腺肿瘤, 病理学, 性别分布, 年龄分布, 人口统计学