Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (33): 4900-4906.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0311

• Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Relationship between Steroidogenic Factor-1 Expression and Hormone Levels in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma and Its Predictive Value for Postoperative Recurrence

  

  1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
    2. Department of Neurology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
    3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-12-20 Published:2026-11-20 Online:2026-10-21
  • Contact: DONG Xiaoliu

类固醇生成因子1表达水平与垂体腺瘤患者激素水平的关系及其对术后复发预测价值的研究

  

  1. 1.063000 河北省唐山市人民医院神经外科
    2.063000 河北省唐山市人民医院神经内科
    3.063000 河北省唐山市人民医院重症医学科
  • 通讯作者: 董晓柳
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    董伟进行研究的构思与设计,实施研究,收集与整理数据;张利、张欢负责统计学处理,图、表的绘制与展示;张于进行论文的修订;董晓柳负责文章的质量控制与批评性审阅。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然科学基金资助项目(精准医学联合基金培育项目)(H2022105014)

Abstract:

Background

Some pituitary adenomas (PA) are resistant to medical therapy, motivating investigation of pituitary-related transcription factors as therapeutic targets. The prognostic value of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) level for postoperative outcomes in PA remains underexplored.

Objective

To analyze the relationship between SF-1 and hormone levels and to evaluate their value in predicting postoperative recurrence for PA patients.

Methods

In this prospective study, 104 patients diagnosed with PA at Tangshan People's Hospital between May 2022 and June 2023 who underwent gross total resection were enrolled. Relative SF-1 mRNA expression level was measured in PA tissue and adjacent non-tumorous tissue. Based on SF-1 mRNA levels, patients were grouped into low expression (n=49) and high expression (n=55) cohorts. Baseline characteristics and hormone profiles were compared between groups. Stratified regression analyses were performed using hormone indices as independent variables and SF-1 mRNA level as the dependent variable to evaluate hormonal influences on SF-1mRNA expression. Patients were also classified by postoperative outcome into recurrence (n=40) and non-recurrence (n=64) groups to assess the association between SF-1 mRNA expression level and recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling with threshold-effect analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to evaluate predictive performance and recurrence-free survival.

Results

SF-1 mRNA expression level was significantly higher in PA tissue (1.05±0.21) than in adjacent tissue (0.38±0.07) (t=30.867, P<0.05). The SF-1 high-expression group exhibited higher levels of growth hormone (GH), anterior gradient 2 (AGR2), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) compared with the low-expression group (P<0.05). Stratified regression identified GH, AGR2, PRL, TSH, and ACTH as positive predictors of SF-1 mRNA expression level (P<0.05). Comparisons between recurrence and non-recurrence groups demonstrated statistically significant differences in SF-1 mRNA expression level, tumor stage, histological differentiation, GH, AGR2, PRL, TSH and ACTH (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that SF-1 mRNA expression level remained an independent predictor of postoperative recurrence after adjustment for covariates (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for SF-1 mRNA expression level predicting postoperative recurrence was 0.705 (95%CI=0.604-0.806, P<0.005); The optimal cutoff was 0.87, yielding sensitivity 0.806 and specificity 0.634. RCS analysis identified an inflection point at 0.87 for SF-1 mRNA expression level, the OR for recurrence per unit increase in SF-1 mRNA were 1.006 (95%CI=1.002-1.011, P=0.026) before the inflection and 1.007 (95%CI=1.005-1.009, P=0.017) after it, indicating a rising recurrence risk with increasing SF-1 mRNA expression level. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed median recurrence-free survival of 15 months (95%CI=11.16-18.43) in the SF-1 mRNA high-expression group versus 28 months (95%CI=23.54-31.54) in the low-expression group; the difference was significant by log-rank test (χ2=7.861, P<0.001).

Conclusion

SF-1 mRNA is markedly upregulated in PA tissue and its high expression is independently associated with elevated GH, AGR2, PRL, TSH, and ACTH levels. SF-1 mRNA expression level may serve as a potential biomarker to assess hormonal status and predict postoperative recurrence risk in PA patients.

Key words: Pituitary adenoma, Steroidogenic factor 1, Hormone, Prognosis, Postoperative prognosis

摘要:

背景

部分垂体腺瘤(PA)患者对药物不敏感,需要寻找针对垂体相关转录因子的干预手段;关于类固醇生成因子1(SF-1)表达水平对PA全切术后的预测价值尚缺乏深入分析。

目的

分析SF-1表达水平与激素水平的关系及二者对PA患者术后复发的预测价值。

方法

前瞻性选取2022年5月—2023年6月在唐山市人民医院诊断为PA的患者104例为研究对象,进行全切术治疗,检测PA组织及癌旁组织中SF-1 mRNA相对表达水平。根据患者SF-1 mRNA表达水平将患者分为SF-1 mRNA低表达组(n=49)与SF-1 mRNA高表达组(n=55),比较两组的基本资料及激素水平。以激素指标为自变量,以SF-1 mRNA水平为因变量进行分层回归分析,分析不同激素水平对SF-1 mRNA表达的影响。根据术后预后情况将患者分为复发组(n=40)与未复发组(n=64),采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨SF-1 mRNA表达水平对术后复发的影响。绘制SF-1 mRNA表达水平预测PA患者术后复发的ROC曲线。绘制限制性立方样条图并进行阈值效应分析。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,分析SF-1 mRNA表达水平与PA患者术后复发的关系。

结果

SF-1 mRNA在PA组织中的表达水平(1.05±0.21)高于癌旁组织(0.38±0.07)(t=30.867,P<0.05)。SF-1 mRNA高表达组生长激素(GH)、人前梯度蛋白2(AGR2)、催乳素(PRL)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)及促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平高于SF-1 mRNA低表达组(P<0.05)。分层回归分析显示,GH、AGR2、PRL、TSH及ACTH对SF-1 mRNA表达水平产生正向影响(P<0.05)。复发组与未复发组SF-1 mRNA表达水平、肿瘤分期、组织分化、GH、AGR2、PRL、TSH及ACTH比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,调整各因素前后,SF-1 mRNA表达水平均是PA患者术后复发的影响因素(P<0.05)。SF-1 mRNA表达水平预测PA患者术后复发的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.705(95%CI=0.604~0.806,P<0.005),最佳截断值为0.87,灵敏度为0.806,特异度为0.634。限制性立方样条图显示,SF-1 mRNA表达水平影响PA患者术后复发的拐点为0.87,拐点前后的OR分别为1.006(95%CI=1.002~1.011,P=0.026)和1.007(95%CI=1.005~1.009,P=0.017),PA患者术后复发的风险随着SF-1 mRNA表达水平的增加而升高。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,SF-1 mRNA高表达组无复发生存期为15个月(95%CI=11.16~18.43),SF-1 mRNA低表达组无复发生存期为28个月(95%CI=23.54~31.54),Log-rank检验结果显示两组组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.861,P<0.001)。

结论

SF-1 mRNA在PA组织中表达显著上调,其高表达与患者GH、AGR2、PRL、TSH及ACTH水平升高独立相关。SF-1 mRNA表达水平可作为评估PA患者激素分泌状态及预测术后复发风险的潜在生物标志物。

关键词: 垂体腺瘤, 类固醇生成因子1, 激素, 预后, 术后预测

CLC Number: