Regular physical activity has been shown to help improve mental health, quality of life, and well-being. Physical inactivity among children and adolescents is becoming a major global public health problem. China's policy emphasizes the need to improve the physical health level of adolescents, and emphasizes the construction of an evaluation system with multi-dimensional content and diverse methods. The development and application of youth sports health literacy (SHL) assessment tools will further promote the in-depth development of physical health education for middle school students.

To develop and verify the reliability and validity of the SHL questionnaire for middle school students in China based on the Rasch analysis of classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT), and to explore the form and appropriateness of different levels and categories of adolescent SHL measurement items.

Based on the theoretical structure of health literacy, a questionnaire was developed based on the actual situation of Chinese adolescents through policy combing, literature research and expert interviews. In June to July 2022, a total of 1 651 middle school students in urban and suburban counties in four provinces and cities with different levels of economic development were selected for on-site testing. The quality analysis of the SHL questionnaire was carried out by combining CTT and Rasch model analysis, including one-dimensional test, individual and item reliability and discrimination analysis, model fit test, difficulty analysis and item-specific fit index analysis, internal consistency reliability, Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical exploratory factor analysis.

A total of 1 651 valid samples were included, with an effective recovery rate of 99.88%. The single-dimensional test of motor knowledge and skill dimension of the classification items of the SHL questionnaireⅡwas basically passed, and the reliability of the items and participants was >0.7, and the separation degree was >1.5. The difficulty distribution of the White plot entries follows a normal distribution, but the upper entry does not correspond to it. Three items were poorly fitted, and the overall fit was good. The reliability of the three dimensions of scale items was good, Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.943, 0.878 and 0.921, respectively, and the overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.956. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 6, 5 and 3 factors in each dimension, and finally the behavior dimension did not delete the entries, the motivation dimension deleted 5 items, and the influencing factor dimension deleted 3 items to form a questionnaire.

The theoretical framework of the middle school students' SHL questionnaire is scientific and reasonable, and the quality analysis results of the questionnaire based on CTT and Rasch model are good, which has good pertinence and practical significance, and the quality evaluation of the revised questionnaire needs further research.

规律的身体活动已被证明有助于改善心理健康和生活质量。当前儿童青少年缺乏身体活动，逐渐成为全球一个重要的公共卫生问题。我国政策强调要提升青少年体质健康水平，并强调要构建内容多维、方法多样的评价体系。青少年运动健康素养（SHL）测评工具的开发与应用将进一步推动中学生体育运动健康教育深入开展。

基于经典测量理论（CTT）和项目反应理论（IRT）的Rasch模型分析开发并验证我国初中生SHL问卷信效度，探讨不同层次、不同类别青少年SHL水平测量条目的形式与适宜性。

采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2022年6—7月选取河北省沧州市、四川省泸州市、广东省深圳市坪山区和青海省海东市共计1 667名初中生进行现场施测，基于健康素养理论结构，通过政策梳理、文献研究及专家访谈等方法，结合中国青少年现状与问题的实际情况开发形成SHL问卷。结合CTT和Rasch模型分析两种测量方法对SHL问卷进行质量分析，包括单维性检验、个体与条目信度与区分度分析、模型适配度检验、难度分析以及具体条目拟合指数分析，内部一致性信度、Spearman秩相关分析以及分层探索性因子分析。

最终纳入有效问卷1 651份，问卷有效回收率为99.88%。初中生SHL问卷二分类条目运动知识、技能维度单维性检验基本通过，项目与被试信度均>0.7，分离度均>1.5。怀特图条目难度分布符合正态分布，但上端条目没有被试与之对应。3项条目拟合欠佳，总体拟合良好。量表条目运动行为、运动动机、运动影响因素3个维度量表条目信度良好，Cronbach's α系数分别为0.943、0.878、0.921，总体Cronbach's α系数为0.956。探索性因子分析在每个维度分别提取6、5、3个因子，最终运动行为维度未删除条目，运动动机维度删除5项条目，运动影响因素维度删除3项条目，形成问卷。

初中生SHL问卷的理论框架构建科学合理，基于CTT和Rasch模型的问卷质量分析结果良好，具有较好的针对性与现实意义，修订版问卷的质量评价还有待进一步研究。