Abstract: Postpartum contraception refers to the important measures taken by the parturient to prevent unintended pregnancy within a specific time after the delivery of placenta. It is a weak part in maternal and child health care and family planning services in China. Postpartum contraception failure occurs mainly due to lack of knowledge and medical services related to postpartum contraception，which seriously threatens maternal and child health. We described current status of postpartum contraception in China，and gave an in-depth analysis of the existing problems，then proposed coping strategies such as giving full play to the guidance of the family planning system，and strengthening the quality of postpartum contraceptive services delivered by hospitals to increase the effective contraception rate of postpartum women to avoid unintended pregnancy，and reduce artificial abortion and short interpregnancy intervals，eventually promoting the reproductive health of women.

Key words: Contraception；Postpartum period；Family planning services；Pregnancy, unplanned；Contraceptive prevalence surveys；Medical countermeasures

摘要： 产后避孕指产妇在胎盘娩出后的特定时间内为防止意外妊娠而采取的重要举措，是我国妇幼保健和计划生育服务的薄弱环节。产后避孕知识匮乏及相关医疗服务缺失是导致产后避孕失败的主要原因，并严重威胁母婴健康。本文主要分析了我国产后避孕现状、面临的问题及应对策略，并建议充分发挥计划生育服务系统指导职能、加强各级医疗机构优质服务能力，进而提升产后女性有效避孕率，避免非意愿妊娠，减少人工流产及过短间隔生育，最终促进广大女性生殖健康。

关键词: 避孕, 产后期, 计划生育服务, 妊娠, 意外, 避孕现用率调查, 医学应对措施