Abstract: Background　Prevalence of allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis increases gradually nowadays.Allergic rhinitis is often mistaken for common cold caused by bacteria，and due to this，there may be inappropriate use of antibiotics for treatment.The misuse or abuse of antibiotics is the main cause of bacterial resistance.Objective　To investigate the repeated use of antibiotics for treating three common allergic diseases（allergic rhinitis，allergic conjunctivitis and allergic asthma） in Inner Mongolia's grassland region.Methods　A survey was conducted among a stratified multistage sample from Erenhot City，Xilinhot City，Duolun County，Jarud Banner，Kailu County，and Tongliao City in grassland region of Inner Mongolia during May to August 2015 using an interview-based questionnaire to collect the demographic data（gender，age，ethnicity，residence，and so on），repeated use of antibiotics in the past two years，prevalence of allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis and asthma（symptoms，disease duration，medication，and so on），and family history of atopy.Results　A total of 5 944 questionnaires were sent out and 5 787 valid questionnaires were returned，with valid response rate of 97.36%.Among the subjects，1 079（18.65%） used antibiotics repeatedly，while 4 708（81.35%） did not.The prevalence of allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis，asthma，rhinoconjunctivitis，allergic asthma with rhinitis or conjunctivitis，allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with asthma was 12.74%（737/5 787），8.85%（512/5 787），and 1.80%（104/5 787），15.91%（921/5 787），1.73%（100/5 787），and 2.94%（170/5 787），respectively.2 544（43.96%） were found to have at least one of these three common diseases（allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis，and asthma） while other 3 243（56.04%） were not.Those with allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis，and asthma had higher rate of repeated use of antibiotics than those without，regardless of sex（male and female），ethnic group（Han，Mongol ethnic minority or other ethnic groups），and residence（urban or rural areas）（P<0.05）.Moreover，those of age groups of 2-17 and 18-80 with allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis，and asthma were found with higher rate of repeated use of antibiotics（P<0.05）.The prevalence of repeated use of antibiotics was higher in those with allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis，asthma than that of those without（P<0.01），exceeding by a factor of 1.5 〔95%CI（1.33，1.76），P<0.01〕，1.33〔95%CI（1.15，1.53），P<0.01〕，and 2.12〔95%CI（1.68，2.67），P<0.01〕，respectively.Among those with allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis and asthma，the prevalence of repeated use of antibiotics was significantly higher in those with positive family history of atopy，compared with those with negative or unknown family history（P<0.01）.Conclusion　The prevalence of the three common diseases was high in this sample.And the prevalence of repeated use of antibiotics was higher compared with that of the normal healthy population.Repeated use of antibiotics，as a synergistic factor，increased the risk of having allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis and asthma in those with family history of atopy.This survey provides support for rational use and management of antibiotics and the prevention and treatment of allergy diseases.

Key words: Allergic rhinitis, Conjunctivitis, Asthma, Antibiotics, Epidemiological survey

摘要： 背景　目前人们常误将过敏性鼻炎当作感冒，存在误用抗生素现象，近年来包括过敏性鼻炎在内的过敏相关疾病患病率逐年增加。而误用或滥用抗生素是造成细菌耐药的主要原因。目的　分析内蒙古草原地区3种常见过敏相关疾病过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎和哮喘多次使用抗生素的情况。方法　于2015年5—8月，采取多阶段分层抽样法，在二连浩特市、锡林浩特市、多伦县、扎鲁特旗、开鲁县和通辽市进行调查。调查其人口学资料（性别、年龄、民族、居住地等），最近2年内抗生素多次使用情况，过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎和哮喘患病情况，家族过敏史等。结果　共发放问卷5 944份，回收有效问卷5 787份，有效回收率为97.36%。5 787例受试者中，多次使用抗生素1 079例（18.65%），未多次使用抗生素4 708例（81.35%）；过敏性鼻炎737例（12.74%），结膜炎512例（8.85%），哮喘104例（1.80%），鼻结膜炎921例（15.91%），过敏性鼻炎伴哮喘或结膜炎伴哮喘100例（1.73%），鼻结膜炎伴哮喘170例（2.94%）。有3种常见疾病任意一种及以上者（TCD）2 544例（43.96%），无3种常见疾病任意一种者（NTCD）3 243例（56.04%）。男性、女性、2~17岁、18~80岁、汉族、蒙古族、其他民族、城镇、农村的TCD患者多次使用抗生素发生率高于NTCD（P<0.05）。过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎、哮喘患者多次使用抗生素发生率分别高于未患该疾病者（P<0.01）。过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎和哮喘患者多次使用抗生素发生率分别是无该种疾病者的1.53倍〔95%CI（1.33，1.76），P<0.01〕、1.33倍〔95%CI（1.15，1.53），P<0.01〕和2.12倍〔95%CI（1.68，2.67），P<0.01〕。过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎、哮喘患者中，有家族过敏史者多次使用抗生素发生率高于无家族过敏史和家族过敏史不详者（P<0.01）。结论　3种常见过敏相关疾病在调查人群中患病率高，且多次使用抗生素发生率较正常人群显著增高，多次使用抗生素对有家族过敏史人群过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎和哮喘患病风险有附加作用。该资料为抗生素的规范使用管理以及过敏性疾病的防治提供了一定的数据支持。

关键词: 过敏性鼻炎, 结膜炎, 哮喘, 抗生素, 流行病学调查