Abstract: Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease.The prevalence of hypertension in China is increasing year by year.Among the elderly over 60 years old，one in every two people has hypertension.These patients are also found with diabetes，hyperlipidemia，obesity and other concomitant diseases.Therefore，the prevention and control of hypertension often go hand in hand with the management of concomitant diseases.As a cornerstone for the prevention and control of hypertension，a balanced diet also plays an important role in the management of diabetes，hyperlipidemia，and metabolic syndrome via providing adequate amounts of calories，micronutrients and dietary fiber.Moreover，if taking medications at the appropriate time based on eating a balanced diet，the management effect will be better.Based on the reviewing of relevant studies，we expounded the role of a balanced diet in the management of hypertension and concomitant diseases and discussed properly combined use of medications when necessary.

Key words: Hypertension, Diet therapy, Diabetes mellitus, Hyperlipidemias, Metabolic syndrome

摘要： 高血压是目前最常见的心血管疾病。我国高血压患病率逐年增加，其中60岁以上老年人群中，每2人中就有1名高血压患者。而这些高血压患者同时还常合并糖尿病、高脂血症及肥胖等其他疾病，因此，在防治高血压的同时，还面临着对这些伴随疾病的管理。平衡膳食不仅是防治高血压的基石，而且对高血压伴随疾病如糖尿病、高脂血症、代谢综合征也同样具有防治作用，关键机制是其能够为人体提供均衡的产热营养素、充足的微量营养素及膳食纤维素。在平衡膳食的基础上，若在恰当的时机给予适合的药物，则能达到事半功倍的效果。本文结合国内外研究现状，阐述平衡膳食对高血压及其伴随疾病的调控作用，同时对如何合理用药进行讨论。

关键词: 高血压, 膳食疗法, 糖尿病, 高脂血症, 代谢综合征