Abstract: Background Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) has attracted growing attention in clinical and psychological research. In China, the Chinese version of the 27-item Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) has been used mainly in studies of college students and urban residents. Its applicability to working-age adults, particularly frontline workers with diverse educational and regional backgrounds, has not been adequately examined. Objective This study sought to revise the Chinese HSPS-27 by addressing potential measurement bias related to educational attainment and place of birth and to develop a scale suitable for assessing SPS in the Chinese working-age population. Methods Several items were revised to better match the language habits and cognitive characteristics of the target population. A preliminary version of the scale was then developed after a pilot survey among participants with relatively low educational attainment. Participants were recruited through stratified and purposive sampling from five labor-intensive enterprises in Guangdong, Chongqing, and Hunan, with an emphasis on frontline employees. In total, 2 015 valid questionnaires were collected, yielding an effective response rate of 80.6%. The sample was randomly divided into two subsamples for exploratory factor analysis (EFA, n=1 007) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA,n=1 008). After six months, 267 participants completed the retest. Python 3.13 and R were used to examine reliability, validity, measurement invariance, group differences, and regression models involving demographic variables. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was also performed to assess whether the unequal gender distribution influenced the findings. Results The final scale consisted of 20 items and was named the HSPS-C20. A three-dimensional bifactor model showed good fit to the data, with a comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.974, a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.038, and a standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) of 0.028. The total scale showed high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's α of 0.923. The values of Cronbach's α for the three dimensions ranged from 0.802 to 0.885. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the total scale was 0.707, while ICC for the dimensions ranged from 0.442 to 0.620. Bifactor indices further supported the use of the total score: the explained common variance (ECV) was 0.742, the percentage of uncontaminated correlations (PUC) was 0.679, and the omega coefficient was 0.924. Strict measurement invariance was supported across gender, educational attainment, and place of birth, with all ΔCFI values below 0.01. Gender and place of birth were significant predictors of SPS scores (β=0.119-0.172, P<0.001), although the effect associated with place of birth was small (β=0.061-0.066, P<0.01). The IPW sensitivity analysis suggested that the gender imbalance did not materially affect the main results. Conclusion The HSPS-C20 showed satisfactory reliability, validity, and measurement invariance in a large sample of Chinese working-age adults. The revised scale may serve as a practical and culturally appropriate instrument for assessing sensory processing sensitivity in this population.

Key words: Sensory processing sensitivity, Highly Sensitive Person Scale, Cultural adaptation, Working-age population, Measurement invariance, Reliability and validity

摘要： 背景 感觉加工敏感性（SPS）研究正日益受到临床关注。目前国内使用的汉化版高敏感量表（HSPS）的测试对象主要是在校大学生和城市人群，但是该版本尚未在我国适龄劳动群体中验证。目的 通过消除人群受教育程度和出生地的测量偏差，获得适用于中国适龄劳动人口的SPS量表。方法 根据目标人群的认知习惯修订有关条目，并通过低受教育程度人群预调查确立初始量表。采用分层与有目的抽样从广东、重庆、湖南三地5家劳动密集型企业中，重点纳入一线员工。共回收有效问卷2 015份（有效率80.6%），随机分为探索性因子分析（EFA，n=1 007）和验证性因子分析（CFA，n=1 008）两组，6个月后重测获有效问卷267份。采用Python 3.13与R语言进行信效度检验、测量不变性检验，并结合人口学变量进行组间差异性分析与回归分析；采用逆概率加权（IPW）分析性别比例不均衡的潜在影响。结果 最终形成20个条目的中文版量表（HSPS-C20）。以三维双因子模型拟合良好：比较拟合指数（CFI）为0.974，近似误差均方根（RMSEA）为0.038，标准化残差均方根（SRMR）为0.028。总量表Cronbach's α=0.923，各维度Cronbach's α为0.802~0.885；重测信度［总量表组内相关系数（ICC）为0.707，各维度ICC在0.442~0.620］。双因子维度性指标共同方差解释率（ECV）为0.742，纯净相关占比（PUC）为0.679，ω=0.924，支持总分作为一维指标。对性别、受教育程度及出生地群体间检测，均达到严格测量不变性（ΔCFI<0.01）。性别与出生地对SPS得分有显著预测作用（β=0.119~0.172，P<0.001），其中出生地效应量较小（β=0.061~0.066，P<0.01）。IPW敏感性分析表明，性别不均衡未实质性干扰SPS评估结论。结论 修订后的HSPS-C20具有良好的信效度，可以作为评估我国适龄劳动人口感觉加工敏感性的可靠工具。

关键词: 感知加工敏感性, HSPS-27量表, 文化调适, 适龄劳动人口, 测量不变性, 信效度检验