Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）is a neurological disorder that significantly affects children's growth and development. Accurate and efficient diagnosis and intervention strategies are crucial for promoting the physical and mental health of affected children and improving their quality of life. Currently，clinical diagnosis and treatment of ADHD face numerous challenges，including strong subjectivity in diagnosis，significant individual differences in treatment efficacy，and complex comorbidities.dities. Artificial intelligence（AI），with its powerful algorithmic analysis and precise feature extraction capabilities，has shown great potential in the early diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of ADHD in children. It is expected to provide multi-dimensional clinical decision support and assess prognosis through AI technology. This article summarizes the research progress of AI in ADHD diagnosis，symptom and drug efficacy prediction，and cross-diagnosis in recent years. At the same time，it distills core common challenges and puts forward targeted suggestions to provide references for promoting the development and application of AI technology in ADHD.

Key words: Artificial intelligence, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Auxiliary diagnosis, Prediction of disease characteristics, Drug efficacy prediction

摘要： 注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种严重影响儿童生长发育的神经障碍性疾病，准确高效的诊断和干预策略是促进患儿身心健康和提高生活质量的关键。当前，临床 ADHD 诊疗面临诊断主观性强、疗效个体差异大、共病复杂等诸多挑战。人工智能（AI）凭借其强大的算法分析和精准的特征提取能力在 ADHD 儿童的早期诊断和疗效评估等方面展现出巨大潜力，AI 技术能够提供多维度临床决策支持，评估其预后疗效。本文就近年来 AI 在 ADHD 疾病诊断、症状和药物疗效预测以及跨诊断的研究进展进行总结，同时提炼核心共性挑战，提出针对性建议，为促进 AI 技术在 ADHD 儿童医学中的发展应用提供参考。

关键词: 人工智能, 注意缺陷多动障碍, 辅助诊断, 疾病特征预测, 药物疗效预测